CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Scope
I. Rationale Academic performance is said to be one of the crucial areas of a learner’s life. Some learners may not be bothered if they progress or not; however their parents are left with great distress if their children do not perform well. Multiple factors arise when it comes to academic performance of a learner. These factors need to be considered should one want to perform better. Research has found that determinants of learners’ performance have been the subject of on-going debate among educators, academics and policy makers. Various factors affect learners in many ways under different circumstances. These factors take in socio-economic, psychological and environmental aspects. Different people come from varied backgrounds – not everyone can afford schools fees, for example, and therefore some children may not attend school properly because of such reasons. This may affect their academic performance at the end of the day. Smoking, alcohol, over-sleeping and stress all have a great consequence on students’ academic performance (Pat & Tyler). Behavior such as smoking and drug usage may impact the school performance as these interfere with the brain functioning.
Stress has also been found to interfere significantly with performance. Many factors can cause stress, including financial constraints, child abuse, parental neglect, irresponsibility and divorce, among many others. These stresses can lead to self-destructive behavioral patterns that can already be distracting from schoolwork and therefore have an impact on academic performance. Furthermore, there are arguments that extracurricular activity participation can affect negatively on academics. According to California State University, a child who devotes his spare time to extracurricular activities spends less time on studies. This can affect his grades if he is not spending enough time studying.