Factors Affecting Solubility
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY There are three main factors that control solubility of a solute. (1) Temperature (2) Nature of solute or solvent (3) Pressure
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
Generally in many cases solubility increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the fall of temperature but it is not necessary in all cases. However we must follow two behaviours: In endothermic process, solubility increases with the increase in temperature and vice versa. For example: solubility of potassium nitrate increases with the increase in temperature. In exothermic process, solubility decrease with the increase in temperature. For example: solubility of calcium oxide decreases with the increase in temperature. Gases are more soluble in cold solvent than in hot solvent.
NATURE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
Solubility of a solute in a solvent purely depends on the nature of both solute and solvent. A polar solute dissolved in polar solvent.
Solubility of a non-polar solute in a solvent is large. A polar solute has low solubility or insoluble in a non-polar solvent.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE
The effect of pressure is observed only in the case of gases. An increase in pressure increases of solubility of a gas in a liquid. For example carbon dioxide is filled in cold drink bottles (such as coca cola, Pepsi 7up etc.) under pressure.
Properties of Solution
Concentration
The concentration of a solution is the measure of how much solute and solvent there is. A solution is concentrated if it contains a large amount of solute, or dilute if contains a small amount.
Molarity
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution. It is abbreviated with the symbol M, and is sometimes used as a unit of measurement, e.g. a 0.3 molar solution of HCl. In that example, there would be 3 moles of HCl for every 10 litres of water (or whatever the solvent was).
Molality
Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
Generally in many cases solubility increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the fall of temperature but it is not necessary in all cases. However we must follow two behaviours: In endothermic process, solubility increases with the increase in temperature and vice versa. For example: solubility of potassium nitrate increases with the increase in temperature. In exothermic process, solubility decrease with the increase in temperature. For example: solubility of calcium oxide decreases with the increase in temperature. Gases are more soluble in cold solvent than in hot solvent.
NATURE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
Solubility of a solute in a solvent purely depends on the nature of both solute and solvent. A polar solute dissolved in polar solvent.
Solubility of a non-polar solute in a solvent is large. A polar solute has low solubility or insoluble in a non-polar solvent.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE
The effect of pressure is observed only in the case of gases. An increase in pressure increases of solubility of a gas in a liquid. For example carbon dioxide is filled in cold drink bottles (such as coca cola, Pepsi 7up etc.) under pressure.
Properties of Solution
Concentration
The concentration of a solution is the measure of how much solute and solvent there is. A solution is concentrated if it contains a large amount of solute, or dilute if contains a small amount.
Molarity
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution. It is abbreviated with the symbol M, and is sometimes used as a unit of measurement, e.g. a 0.3 molar solution of HCl. In that example, there would be 3 moles of HCl for every 10 litres of water (or whatever the solvent was).
Molality
Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It