Factors Affecting the Relative Rates of Nucleophilic Substitution
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrocarbons
Miranda, Marilyn1, Comaling, Leif Anthony B.2
1Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student (s), Subject/Section, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology
ABSTRACT
Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain carbon and oxygen atoms. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic rings are the four classifications of hydrocarbons. Each of these classifications have different physical and chemical properties that were tested as this experiment was performed. Flammability test and solubility test were done to understand and compare the physical properties of the hydrocarbons. Several reactions such as Bromination, oxidation, and the addition of sulfuric acid were done to understand the chemical properties as well as the possible products that may form by each of the classification of hydrocarbons. Preparation of acetylene was also done in this experiment. The properties of the formed acetylene such as the reaction of the acetylene as it undergo Ammoniacal silver nitrate test, Bromination and oxidation. The reagents that were used to perform this experiment were benzene, cyclohexane, concentrated H2SO4, Calcium Carbide, 1.0 M Br2 in CCl4, cyclohexane, and 1.0 M KMnO4. The apparatuses that were used are micro test tubes, 2.0 mL pipet, iron clamp, 8-in test tube, evaporating dish, water trough, small corks, and iron stand. To group were able to meet the objectives of this experiment since the procedures for this experiment were done properly. The group was able to differentiate the classifications of hydrocarbons from one another. The characteristic reactions of the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons were properly visualized by the group. The group was able to witness the preparation of acetylene gas, and the chemical reactions it may undergo.
Keywords: hydrocarbons, alkanes,
Miranda, Marilyn1, Comaling, Leif Anthony B.2
1Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student (s), Subject/Section, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology
ABSTRACT
Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain carbon and oxygen atoms. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic rings are the four classifications of hydrocarbons. Each of these classifications have different physical and chemical properties that were tested as this experiment was performed. Flammability test and solubility test were done to understand and compare the physical properties of the hydrocarbons. Several reactions such as Bromination, oxidation, and the addition of sulfuric acid were done to understand the chemical properties as well as the possible products that may form by each of the classification of hydrocarbons. Preparation of acetylene was also done in this experiment. The properties of the formed acetylene such as the reaction of the acetylene as it undergo Ammoniacal silver nitrate test, Bromination and oxidation. The reagents that were used to perform this experiment were benzene, cyclohexane, concentrated H2SO4, Calcium Carbide, 1.0 M Br2 in CCl4, cyclohexane, and 1.0 M KMnO4. The apparatuses that were used are micro test tubes, 2.0 mL pipet, iron clamp, 8-in test tube, evaporating dish, water trough, small corks, and iron stand. To group were able to meet the objectives of this experiment since the procedures for this experiment were done properly. The group was able to differentiate the classifications of hydrocarbons from one another. The characteristic reactions of the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons were properly visualized by the group. The group was able to witness the preparation of acetylene gas, and the chemical reactions it may undergo.
Keywords: hydrocarbons, alkanes,
References: 1. McMurry, John (2011) Foundations of Organic Chemistry, Philippine edition. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd. 2. Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual for Chemical Engineering Students Part 1 by Baluyot and De Castro 3. Kenneth W. Whitten, Raymond B. Davis, M. Larry Peck, George G. Stanley, Chemistry Ninth edition. 4. Organic Chemistry by David Klein