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Fate and Destiny

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Fate and Destiny
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Fate and Destiny: Some Historical Distinctions between the Concepts Richard W. Bargdill Saint Francis University Abstract There has been a great deal of attention given to the “free will versus determinism” debate. However, little attention has been paid to the most common expressions from this controversy—people’s everyday experience of fate and destiny. In fact, fate and destiny are terms that are often used as synonyms as if there were no differences between the two words. This paper distinguishes the two concepts by reviewing some historical distinctions made by a variety of philosophers, psychologists and scientists. The paper also discusses some of our contemporary understandings of destiny and concludes that an individual’s stance toward fate and destiny significantly affects one’s sense of life-authorship and vitality. It is common to hear the outcome of events being described as being the result of fate, destiny or sometimes a result of both. But fate and destiny are not just concepts with an entertainment value, these ideas point to serious issues of great interest in a number of important areas such as: philosophy, theology, physics, psychology, and, of course, biology. This paper will concentrate on some of the historical thinkers who have contrasted fate and destiny as well as point out some of the important issues implied by those thinkers. But first, the definitions of both terms will be evaluated. According to an online Greek translation service (Craine, 2004), fate and destiny in ancient Greek came from exactly the same word: moira. This may suggest that the ancients saw little or no difference between the terms in their own times. In Latin, the word for fate is fatum and derives from the verb meaning “to speak.” Bollas (1989) notes that a fatum is a prophecy and that a fatus is an oracle. This definition centers on the fact that most knowledge of one’s fate



References: Berofsky, B. (1966). Free will and determinism. New York: Harper and Row. Bollas, C. (1989). Forces of destiny: Psychoanalysis and human destiny. Northvale NJ: Jason Aronson. Cahn, S. M. (1967). Fate, logic and time. New Haven: Yale University Press. Camus, A. (1984). The rebel: An essay on man in revolt. (A.Bower, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books. (Original work published 1956) Clark, G. H. (1975). Selections from Hellenistic philosophy. New York: Irvington Publishers. Clark, M. T. (1992). An inquiry into personhood. The Review of Metaphysics, 1(181), 3-28. Crane, G. (2004). English to Greek word search. Retrieved from http:// www.perseus.tufts.edu/ Doob, L. W. (1988). Inevitablity: Determinism, fatalism and destiny. New York: Greenwood Press. Gray, R. (1977). Ortega y Gasset and the modern idea of destiny. Existential Review of Psychology and Psychiatry. 15, 173-185. Guignon, C. (1984). Heidegger’s “authenticity” revisited. Review of Metaphysics. 38, 321-339. Freud, S. (1963). Three case histories. New York: Macmillan Press. \server05productnTTHE26-1-2THE1203.txt unknown Seq: 16 26-FEB-07 9:49 220 Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psy. Vol. 26, 2006 Harris, S. L. & Platzner, G. (2001). Classical mythology: Images and insights (3rd ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield. Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). San Francisco: Harper. (Original work published 1927) Kierkegaard, S. (1992). Either/or: A fragment of life. (A. Hannay, Trans.). New York: Penguin Books. (Original work published 1843) Kirk, G. S. (1974). The nature of Greek myths. New York: Penguin Books. Kitto, H. D. F. (1951). The Greeks. New York: Pelican Books. May, R. (1958). Contributions of Existential Psychotherapy. In May, R., Angel, E., & Ellenberger, H. F. (Eds.). Existence: A new dimension in psychiatry and psychology (pp. 37-92). New York: Basic Books. May, R. (1981). Freedom and destiny. New York: W.W. Norton. Morford, M. P. & Lenardon, R.J. (1985). Classical mythology (3rd ed.). New York: Longman, Inc. Neitszche, F. (1974). Gay science. (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books. (Original work published 1887) Plato. (1991). Plato’s republic: The complete and unabridged. (B. Jowett, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books. (Original work published 360 B.C.E.) Robinson, J. M. (1968). An introduction to early Greek philosophy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Rosenburg, D. & Baker, S. (1992). Mythology and you. Lincolnwood, IL: Nation Textbook Co. Sartre, J. P. (1956). Being and nothingness. (H. Barnes, Trans.). New York: Washington Square Press. (Original work published 1953) Schopenhauer, A. (1960). Essay on the freedom of the will. (K. Kolenda, Trans.). Indianapolis: The Liberal Arts Press. (Original work published 1839) Tillich, P. (1952). The courage to be. New Haven: Yale University Press. Watters, E. (2006, November). DNA is not destiny. Discover Magazine, 33-37. Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Richard Bargdill, Behavioral Sciences Department, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA 15940. E-mail: Rbargdill@francis.edu

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