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Fcom 111 Assi

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Fcom 111 Assi
Established in the Palace of Westminster in London, the British government system is the first and most well-known example of the Westminster model. However, in 1987 Arend Lijphart has stated “New Zealand has a special status among the world’s democracies as the purest example of the Westminster model of government”. 23 years has passed and many changes have taken place during those time but despite all, the New Zealand government system in 2010 is still an example of the Westminster model though no longer the “purest”. An easy way to assess the extent to which New Zealand is still a Westminster-type government is to first look into major changes happened after 1987 and then in to things that remained unchanged in the government system of the country. It is essential to have some idea about the Westminster government model first. The Westminster model, also called the majoritarian model, is a general model of democracy (Lijphart, 1999, p.9). There are many definitions for Westminster but this paper will follow the definition provided by Professor Chris Eichbaum (2010). The Westminster government model has six main features: the parliament is sovereign; the members of the Cabinet are also members of the Parliament; has a two-party dominant system in the parliament; use an electoral system that usually produces single-party majority government; members of the Cabinet have to have responsibility individually and collectively to the Parliament; and the public sector has to be independent of the Cabinet and politically neutral. And that is enough definition to move on to the specific case of New Zealand. Significant changes have taken place during 23 years in the government system of New Zealand. We will first study the electoral reform and then discuss about changes that have followed it. The transformation from the First-to-Past-the-Post (FPP) system to the Mixed-Member-Proportional (MMP) system was seen as the most important change in the government


References: Boston, J. (1996). New Zealand under MMP: a new politics?. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. Cabinet Manual: Principles of Cabinet Decision Making. (2008) Retrieved from http://www.cabinetmanual.cabinetoffice.govt.nz/node/64#5.22 Code of conduct for the State Services. (2007) Retrieved from http://www.ssc.govt.nz/display/document.asp?DocID=7063 Dalziel, L. (2007, May). Cabinet under MMP. Speech presented at University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Elections New Zealand: From FPP to MMP. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.elections.org.nz/voting/mmp/history-mmp.html Elections New Zealand: 2008 election official results. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/resultsdata/2008-election-official-results.html Goldfinch, S. (1998). Evaluating public sector reform in New Zealand: Have to benefits been oversold?. Asian journal of public administration, 2 (20), 203-232. Lijphart, A. (1999). Patterns of democracy: government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press. New Zealand Parliament: Parliamentary parties. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/MPP/Parties/ New Zealand Parliament: Parliament Brief: What is Parliament? (2010). Retrieved from http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/AboutParl/HowPWorks/FactSheets/0/e/7/00HOOOCPubResAboutFactSheetsWhat1-Parliament-Brief-What-is-Parliament.htm New Zealand Parliament: Role of Parliament. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/AboutParl/HowPWorks/Role/6/b/3/6b3edec8013243e785cb6ecc1e6c8e6a.htm

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