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PEST AnaLysis Of the FMCG Sector
Political
Tax Structure
: Complicated tax structure, high indirect tax, lack of uniformity,high octroi& entry tax and changing tax policies.
Infrastructure Issues:
Performance of FMCG is very much depended on governmentspending on Agricultural Infrastructure, Power, and Transportation Infrastructure.
Regulatory Constraints:
Requirement for multiplicity of permits and licenses forvarious states, prevailing outdated labor laws, Cumbersome and lengthy exportprocedures, confusing and time consuming subsidy availing procedures
Policy framework:
Approval related to investment of FDI into Retail sector (single-brand retail &multi-brand retail, License rules in setting up of Industry, Changes inStatutory Minimum Price (SMP) of commodities and Priority sector classification ofIndustries.
Economical
GDP Growth:
Growth of the industry is consistent with the Indian economy
Inflation:
Inflationary pressures alter the purchasing power of money. This has adirect impact on consumer spending and business investment
Consumer Income:
Increase in incomes is largely an outcome of economic growthacross sectors. Over the past few years, India has seen increased economic growth,with a continuing and substantial impact on consumer disposable incomes enablinggood growth for the FMCG sector.
Private Consumption:
The Indian economy, unlike other economies, has a veryhigh rate of private consumption (61%)
Urbanization:
India has 70% of its population living in rural areas. With risingurbanization, more people will have exposure to modern products and brands andthus shift to branded and packaged goods and products.
Social
Change in consumer Profile:
Rapid urbanization, increased literacy and rising percapita income, have all caused rapid growth and change in demand patterns,leading to an explosion of new opportunities. Around 45 per cent of the populationin India is below 20 years of age and the young population is set to rise further.
Change in Lifestyle:
Changing Lifestyle of Indian consumers has led to focus onpremium products among Indian FMCG players.
Rural focus:
As market is getting saturated, companies are focusing on rural areafor penetration, by providing consumers with bite-sized or single-use packs
.
Technology
Adoption of ERP, Supply Chain Optimization tools and Business Intelligence Toolswill help FMCG companies to integrate business processes across the enterprise,suppliers and customers. With the level of competition and sluggish growth mostFMCG corporates are looking at IT to reduce costs in the supply chain, and flattenthe bottom lineMarketing and advertising through mobile and social media platform

COMPANY OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

Amul is an Indian dairy cooperative, based at Anand in the state of Gujarat, India. The word Amul is derived from the Sanskrit word Amulya meaning invaluable. The co-operative is also sometimes referred to as Anand Milk Union Limited.
Formed in 1946, it is a brand managed by a cooperative body, the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by 3 million milk producers in Gujarat.
Amul spurred India's White Revolution, which made the country the world's largest producer of milk and milk products. In the process Amul became the largest food brand in India and has also ventured into markets overseas.
Dr Verghese Kurien, founder-chairman of the GCMMF for more than 30 years (1973–2006), is credited with the success of Amul.
HISTORY
The Birth of Amul
It all began when milk became a symbol of protest
Founded in 1946 to stop the exploitation by middlemen
Inspired by the freedom movement
The seeds of this unusual saga were sown more than 65 years back in Anand, a small town in the state of Gujarat in western India. The exploitative trade practices followed by the local trade cartel triggered off the cooperative movement. Angered by unfair and manipulative practices followed by the trade, the farmers of the district approached the great Indian patriot Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel for a solution. He advised them to get rid of middlemen and form their own co-operative, which would have procurement, processing and marketing under their control.

In 1946, the farmers of this area went on a milk strike refusing to be cowed down by the cartel. Under the inspiration of Sardar Patel, and the guidance of leaders like Morarji Desai and Tribhuvandas Patel, they formed their own cooperative in 1946.

This co-operative, the Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Ltd. began with just two village dairy co-operative societies and 247 litres of milk and is today better known as Amul Dairy. Amul grew from strength to strength thanks to the inspired leadership of Tribhuvandas Patel, the founder Chairman and the committed professionalism of Dr Verghese Kurien,who was entrusted the task of running the dairy from 1950.

The then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri decided that the same approach should become the basis of a National Dairy Development policy. He understood that the success of Amul could be attributed to four important factors. The farmers owned the dairy, their elected representatives managed the village societies and the district union, they employed professionals to operate the dairy and manage its business. Most importantly, the co-operatives were sensitive to the needs of farmers and responsive to their demands.

At his instance in 1965 the National Dairy Development Board was set up with the basic objective of replicating the Amul model. Dr. Kurien was chosen to head the institution as its Chairman and asked to replicate this model throughout the country.

THE ORGANIZATION

Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation

GCMMF: An Overview
Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) is India's largest food products marketing organisation. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money.
CRISIL, India's leading Ratings, Research, Risk and Policy Advisory company, has assigned its highest ratings of "AAA/Stable/P1+" to the various bank facilities of GCMMF.
Members:
13 District Cooperative Milk Producers' Unions
No. of Producer Members:
3.03 million
No. of Village Societies:
15,712
Total Milk handling capacity:
13.67 million litres per day
Milk collection (Total - 2010-11):
3.45 billion litres
Milk collection (Daily Average 2010-11):
9.2 million litres
Milk Drying Capacity:
647 Mts. per day
Cattlefeed manufacturing Capacity:
3690 Mts per day
Sales Turnover (2010-11)
Rs. 9774 Crores (US $ 2.2 billion)

Amul Ice Cream

AMUL ICE CREAM is made from Milk and Milk products, Sugar, Stabilizers & Emulsifiers. It composes of milk fat, total solids, sugar,

acidity, protein etc. Calories present are per 100 ml -196.7 kcal Various verities of Ice Cream can be made from the basic mix by addition of required amount of permissible colors and flavour. Dry fruits and nuts would be used for making premium varieties of Ice Cream. Various flavors of Amul ice-cream are as follows:-
Vanila, Strawberry, Pineapple, Orange, Rose, Mango, Chocolate, Honey-Dew-Melon, Tutti Frutti, Litchi, Kesar Pista, Kaju Draksh, Butterscotch, Chocochips, Rajbhog and Cashew Break.

Introduction
GCMMF is presently the market leader in almost all dairy product category i.e. Butter, Milk Powders, Infant Milk food, Cheese, Cheese Spreads, Milk, Paneer, Dahi etc. We, at Amul, promise to our highly esteemed consumer, an association in an unwritten contract to satisfy his taste and nutritional requirements by offering them VFM (Value for Money) products whose quality is hard to match. The core of the Amul Brand is something that is genetically implanted in the very fabric of its construction. We endeavour to delight our customers without fleecing them. For us there is no difference between the terrific rich and the woebegone.
Amul Ice Cream: Present Status:
AMUL Ice cream is among the Asia’a top 10 Ice cream brands.
In a short span of 6 years, Amul Ice Cream has become No.1 Ice Cream brand in the country. Amul ice cream is now the only national brand and other Ice Cream brands are regional.
Our position in the market: Amul No.1 brand in India: Amul has achieved a market share of 38% (4.5 times larger than nearest competitor).
Amul Ice-cream : "Real Milk Real Ice-cream"
The punch line for Amul Ice Cream is “Real Milk Real Ice Cream” as we offer the best quality product made of real milk and milk fats and not vegetable oil (frozen dessert). Recipe used for Amul Ice Cream is on the line of Super Premium Ice Cream i.e. 35% creamier and tastier than any other ice cream available in India.

Process
The Amul Model of dairy development is a three-tiered structure with the dairy cooperative societies at the village level federated under a milk union at the district level and a federation of member unions at the state level.
Establishment of a direct linkage between milk producers and consumers by eliminating middlemen

Milk Producers (farmers) control procurement, processing and marketing

Professional management

Success factor of AMUL ice cream
Price differential
Quality of products
Taste
Brand name

Vision & Mission statement of AMUL

VISION:
Amil’s vision is to provide more and more satisfaction to the farmers, their customers,employees and distributers

MISSION: we the motivated and dedicated workforce at amul are committed to produce wholesome andsafe foods of excellent quality to remain market leader through development of qualitymanagement system, state of art technology, innovation and eco-friendly operations to achievedelightment of customers and milk producers

Environmental analysis
SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT Analysis
Strength
1. Good product range include various flavors, party packs, sticks, cones etc
2. Good quality and packaging, and good advertising
3. Amul is one of the most respected top-of-the-mind brands
4. Also launched probiotic and sugarfree icecreams
5. Offers over 200 products across India
Weakness
1. Growing competition form international and other brands means limited market share
2. Limited international presence as compared to leading global brands
Opportunity
1. High End ice-cream to tap the higher income group also
2. Tie-up with food chains, restaurants
3. Mobile vans for better visibility
Threats
1. Kulfi in rural markets
2. Local ice creams and sweet dishes
3. Health conscious people refraining from sweets

Customer profile:
Targeted customers of amul icecream are as follows:
Kids
Womens
Youth
Calorie conscious
Health conscious

Supplier of Amul Ice cream

Global Environment:-
GCMMF has signed an agrement with Wal-Mart to stock its shelves with products under its amul brand name. Amul processed cheese, pure ghee, shrikhand, Nutramul, Amul’s Mithaee Gulab Jamuns are few of the products marketed in US markets.
50% of Americans being medically obese & if Amul is really looking to capture the hearts of the 2nd and 3rd of Indians, offering low-fat versions of its brands, would make a lot of commercial sense. Hence targeting the large Indian community in the US markets with its niche products like Mithai, Packaged ready to eat foots product, it can definitely expand its market to a large extent.
Overseas markets – Mauritius, UAE, Bangladesh, Australia, Chinas, Singapore, Hong Kong & Few South African Countries,
Fresh plans of flooding the markets of Japan & Srilanka,
Tie up with Glaxo to sell baby food

Strategic decisions taken to build the brand

The strategic decisions that developed Amul as a brand can be classified in the following broad categories:
1. Technology
2. Pricing
3. Quality
4. Product Portfolio
5. Distribution Network

1. Technology Strategy:
The technology, packaging and Amul’s approach to marketing is based on the changing taste buds of the consumers. The technology strategy is characterized by four distinct components: new products process technology complementary assets to enhance milk production e-commerce .Few dairies of the world have the wide variety of products produced by the Gujarat Cooperative Milk and Marketing Federation (GCMMF) network. Village societies are encouraged through subsidies to install chilling units.
Automation in processing and packaging areas is common, as is Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) certification. Amul actively pursues developments in embryo transfer and cattle breeding in order to improve cattle quality and increase in milk yields. GCMMF was one of the first FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) firms in India to employ Internet technologies to implement business to consumer (B2C) commerce. Today customers can order a variety of products through the Internet and be assured of timely delivery with cash payment upon
Receipt.Another e-initiative underway is to provide farmers access to information relating to markets, technology and best practices in the dairy industry through net enabled kiosks in the villages. GCMMF has also implemented a Geographical Information System (GIS) at both ends of the supply chain, i.e. milk collection as well as the marketing process. Farmers now has better access to information on the output as well as support services while providing a better planning tool to marketing personnel.
2. Pricing Strategy
At the time Amul was formed, consumers had limited purchasing power, and modest consumption levels of milk and other dairy products. Thus Amul adopted a low-cost price strategy to make its products affordable and attractive to consumers by guaranteeing them value for money.

3. Quality
Amul has not changed its core values –give the best quality product to the customer. A key source of competitive advantage has been the enterprise's ability to continuously implement best practices across all elements of the network: the federation, the unions, the village societies and the distribution channel (TQM activities). A regular Friday meeting is conducted that has its pre-set format in terms of Purpose, Agenda and Limit (PAL) with a process check at the end to record how the meeting was conducted. Similar processes are in place at the village
Societies, the unions and even at the wholesaler and C&F agent levels as well. Examples of benefits from recent initiatives include - o reduction in transportation time from the depots to the wholesale dealers, o improvement in ROI of wholesale dealers, implementation of Zero Stock Out through improved availability of products at depots and implementation of Just-in-Time in finance to reduce the float Kaizen at the unions have helped improve the quality of milk in terms of acidity and sour milk. (Undertaken by multi-disciplined teams, Kaizen are highly focused projects, reliant on a structured approach based on data gathering and analysis.) For example, Sabar Union's records show a reduction from 2.0% to 0.5% in the amount of sour milk/curd received at the union.

4. Enhance Product Portfolio
Amul’s strategy of umbrella branding has also helped establish its brand firmly in people’s minds. The network follows an umbrella branding strategy. Amul is the common brand for most product categories produced by various unions: liquid milk, milk powders, butter, ghee, cheese, cocoa products, sweets, ice-cream and condensed milk.

5. Distribution Network
Amul products are available in over 500,000 retail outlets across India through its network of over 3,500 distributors. There are 47 depots with dry and cold warehouses to buffer inventory of the entire range of products. GCMMF transacts on an advance demand draft basis from its wholesale dealers instead of the cheque system adopted by other major FMCG companies. This practice is consistent with GCMMF's philosophy of maintaining cash transactions throughout the supply chain and it also minimizes dumping.
Wholesale dealers carry inventory that is just adequate to take care of the transit time from the branch warehouse to their premises. This just-in-time inventory strategy improves dealers' return on investment (ROI). All GCMMF branches engage in route scheduling and have dedicated vehicle operations.

Ice Cream Industry in India.
The ice cream market in India has witnessed a steady growth over the last few decades. The growth in the Ice cream industry has been primarily due to a strong distribution network and a good cold chain infrastructure. The ice cream market in India is divided into the branded market and the grey market or the unbranded market. The branded market is currently 100 million liters per annum valued at ` 800 crores. The grey market consists of small local players and cottage industry players.' Currently the ice cream industry in India is worth ` 2,000 crores. The per capita consumption of ice cream in India is about 300 ml, as compared to the world average of 2.3 liters perannum.

Statistics for the market share held by the top ice cream brands in India for the year 2008-09 are as follows; Amul topped the list, with a market share or 38%, followed by Kwality Walls at 14%, Vadilal at 12% and Mother Diary at 8%. Below is a graphical representation of the market share held by the top ice cream brands in India for the year 2008-09.
- See more at: http://business.mapsofindia.com/top-brands-india/top-ice-cream-brands-in-india.html#sthash.kqQn7OwA.dpuf

7.1 Marketing Strategies
Following are some of the marketing strategies which can be adopted by Amul to gain grasp a lions’ share in retail segment:
1) Amul can make its hold in the market more strongly if it provides deep freezer on installment basis or give the freezer on credit basis.
2) The Company needs to improve their packaging material quality. Packaging is one of the main areas of disagreement with the ice cream distributors because the packaging of the ice cream creates problem with caring and forwarding. Consumers have suggested that plastic containers can be easily handled.
3) Incentive based trading with retailers should be initialized upon.
4) Amul needs to strengthen its supply chain management so that there is no problem in the distribution network of Amul.
5) Sales promotional activities like game shows, contests, in shop promotions in malls should be increased and publicized properly. Amul also needs to have tie ups with various branded stores like Reliance fresh, More, Food marts etc.
6) Amul should focus on having tie ups with malls, different catering institutions, hotels, single screen theatres etc
7) Brand upliftment of Amul ice creams is the need of the day. For this Company should use Brand ambassador which attracts each age segment as also Amul should publicize itself through better TV Ads and advertising through electronic media like Internet, Mobile, FM channels etc
8) Amul must introduce tricycles at strategic traffic points and at public places. This will not only increase sales but also increase Amul’s Visibility.
9) Amul should make some immediate changes in its policies regarding the damage and replacement of the ice creams.

Recent Articles in Newspaper
Amul adopts green tech for its chocolate plant
TNN Aug 21, 2013, 04.11AM IST

VADODARA/ANAND: Amul chocolates will be manufactured with green technology. The Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Limited (KDCMPUL) popularly known as Amul Dairy has adopted low carbon technology at the Amul chocolate plant at Mogar in Anand district.
The technology commissioned by the dairy co-operative is first of its kind in Gujarat. The district dairy union's initiative comes after its green initiatives involving lakhs of farmers to plant over 312 lakh saplings to make Green Gujarat and its green project at Virar in Maharashtra - the first of its kind in country's dairy sector.

Amul to spread bakery business; new plant for cookies on menu
Madhvi Sally, ET Bureau Aug 8, 2013, 04.47AM IST

(Amul plans to expand its…)
NEW DELHI: Amul, the country's biggest dairy brand, plans to expand its fledgling bakery products business and will soon build a plant that can produce 20 tonnes of cookies a day, a top official said.
"We are looking at a 40% annual growth for cookies, buns and bread that accounted for over 20 crore," Rahul Kumar, MD of the 2,800-crore Amul Dairy, told ET. "Unlike other brands which use butter flavour we are using 26% Amul butter in our cookies which consumers will like," he added.

Learning

Current scenario in FMCG sector Of India.
The Industry overview of the Amul.
The Diversified products offered by the Amul
Distributing Network of Amul Dairy products
The strategy adopt based on the market customer and vendor.

The main factors that hamper the growth of this industry include the lack of cold storage chains, irregular supply of electricity, and poor infrastructure for storage and transportation. Another major challenge that manufacturers face is the fact that ice cream is perceived as a luxury food product by the Indian government and taxed accordingly, whereas many countries do not even have a tax on ice cream and consider it as a normal food item. State governments have imposed a high VAT (Value-Added Tax) on ice creams, additionally; a one% excise duty was also added in the last Union Budget; which makes it extremely difficult for an industry that survives on wafer thin margins. The Indian cold storage logistics chain is very poor, which is an issue since ice cream is a highly perishable product. Erratic and poor electricity supply in most regions of India poses a threat too.

Another issue that manufacturers have to deal with is the large number of unorganised players who offer cheaper products of very low quality. The rising price of milk and allied products is a hindrance as manufacturers need to constantly raise their prices to combat this. Vadilal, in the past year, has increased prices twice; there is a probability of another increase in the next few months.