Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions of the World.
FC/PM501 Skills for study 2 | Feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world. | Final report | | Word count 1200 | Tutor: James Belcher |
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1.0 Introduction
Everything which lives needs water to survive. There are a lot of places in the world where we can find such problem as lack of clean water, and most of these places are developing countries. These include areas in the north of China, India, and the western United States. Global climate change only exacerbates the problem of water shortage. The World population is currently 7 billion people, and each of them needs at least a liter of water a day. What is more, with the explosive growth of the world population, water scarcity is becoming more noticeably. Comprising over 80 percent of the earth surface and over 66 percent of human body, water will be the most important resource in the whole world forever. If oil, gas and coal will be enough humanity for 50-100 years, clean drinking water will end much earlier. Clean water is continuously renewed resource, but at the same time, it has come to an end. Dirty water is the cause of 80 percent of diseases in third world countries (Clarke, 1991). Likewise due to lack of water people on the earth will simply have nothing to eat, such as one kilogram figs need 2500 liters of water, and for the normal development of 1 hectare of wheat requires not less than 2000 liters of water. A lot of water is used not only for dinking, but for agriculture (around 90 percent). The purpose of this report is to determine feasibility of different techniques how to deliver or get clean water in arid regions of the world by the example of North Africa.
2.0 Background: Current situation of water availability in arid regions of the world
The world’s arid areas are mainly located in North Africa where the population s nearly 150 million, with an increasing rises in the population. North Africa is the second driest continent in
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1.0 Introduction
Everything which lives needs water to survive. There are a lot of places in the world where we can find such problem as lack of clean water, and most of these places are developing countries. These include areas in the north of China, India, and the western United States. Global climate change only exacerbates the problem of water shortage. The World population is currently 7 billion people, and each of them needs at least a liter of water a day. What is more, with the explosive growth of the world population, water scarcity is becoming more noticeably. Comprising over 80 percent of the earth surface and over 66 percent of human body, water will be the most important resource in the whole world forever. If oil, gas and coal will be enough humanity for 50-100 years, clean drinking water will end much earlier. Clean water is continuously renewed resource, but at the same time, it has come to an end. Dirty water is the cause of 80 percent of diseases in third world countries (Clarke, 1991). Likewise due to lack of water people on the earth will simply have nothing to eat, such as one kilogram figs need 2500 liters of water, and for the normal development of 1 hectare of wheat requires not less than 2000 liters of water. A lot of water is used not only for dinking, but for agriculture (around 90 percent). The purpose of this report is to determine feasibility of different techniques how to deliver or get clean water in arid regions of the world by the example of North Africa.
2.0 Background: Current situation of water availability in arid regions of the world
The world’s arid areas are mainly located in North Africa where the population s nearly 150 million, with an increasing rises in the population. North Africa is the second driest continent in
References: [1] UNPD (United Nations Population Division), 1994 “World Population Prospects.” The 1994 Revision, UN, New York, USA, 1994 [2] PAI (Population action International), 1995. “Sustaining Water: Population and The Future of Renewable water Supplies.” Washington, D.C., USA, 1995. [3] SCWD2 Desalination Program (2008-2011) “The Reverse Osmosis process” [online] Available at http://www.scwd2desal.org/Page-Desal_Tech.php (26 March 2012) Alghariani, S.A Chaudhry, S. (2004). Unit Cost of Desalination. Sacramento: California Energy Commission. Clarke, R. (1991). Water: The International Crisis. London: Earthscan Dawoud M.A.(2011) Water import and transfer versus desalination in arid regions: GCC countries case study Aramo (2012) Rainwater harvesting 2012.