Federal Government Levels

http://www.thecanadapage.org/Government.htm#Federal Government The Levels of the Government
The levels of government were established when Canada created it's Constitution (The British North America Act) in 1867. The separate roles are defined by sections 91 and 92.
Federal Government
In general, the federal government takes major responsibility for things that affect all Canadians. This would include national defense, foreign policy and citizenship. The Federal Legislature (Parliament Buildings) and many of the Federal offices, boards, bureaucracy, etc are located in the Canadian capital of Ottawa. Federal Legislative Representatives are referred to as MP's (Members of Parliament). The head of the government is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the head of the federal party that is in power (explained later). Like
the way many people refer to the Federal Government of the United States as "Washington" many people use "Ottawa" to refer to the Canadian Federal Government.
In general, the federal government takes major responsibility for things that affect all Canadians. This would include national defense, foreign policy and citizenship. The Federal Legislature (Parliament Buildings) and many of the Federal offices, boards, bureaucracy, etc are located in the Canadian capital of Ottawa. Federal Legislative Representatives are referred to as MP's (Members of Parliament). The head of the government is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the head of the federal party that is in power (explained later). Like the way many people refer to the Federal Government of the United States as "Washington" many people use "Ottawa" to refer to the Canadian Federal Government.
Provincial and Territorial Government:
These governments look after things like education, health and highways. (Things that would apply to a province specifically.) The provincial capital for each province is where the provincial legislature is located. Some provinces have MPP's (Member of Provincial Parliament) or MLA's (Member of Legislative Assembly) or MNA (Member of National Assembly). The head of the provincial government is the Premier. The Premier is an MPP that is voted to be the political leader of the provincial party that is in power (explained later). The MPP's making up the provincial legislature are elected at least every five years.
Province
Capital
Name of Legislature
Newfoundland
St. John's
Confederation Building
Prince Edward Island
Charlottetown
n/a
Nova Scotia
Halifax
Province House
New Brunswick
Fredericton
Parliament Building
Quebec
Quebec City
National Assembly of Quebec
Ontario
Toronto
Queen's Park
Manitoba
Winnipeg
Legislative Building
Saskatchewan
Regina
Legislative Building
Alberta
Edmonton
Legislative Building
British Columbia
Victoria
Parliament Building
Territory
Capital
Name of Legislature
Northwest Territory
Yellowknife
Legislative Building
Yukon Territory
Whitehorse
n/a Note: Often the Federal and the Provincial government share responsibility for an area.
For example there is both a Federal and Provincial Ministry of the Environment. As Canada moves forth, and the government grows, new areas have emerged to be governed. When a conflict between these two levels of government arise, the power is automatically given to the federal government under the constitution.
When Canada came together in Confederation in 1867, many of it's makers, including the first Prime Minister Sir. John A. Macdonald envisioned a strong federal government and a weaker provincial one. However, throughout Canadian history Canada has increasingly had stronger provincial governments and the federal one has become weaker. Some attribute this to the national unity problems in Canada. (This is in contrast to the United States where the Constitution was designed for strong States and a weaker national government but throughout history the federal government has become stronger with weaker States.)
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http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/prg/cor/acc/ifpr-eng.aspx

Federal and provincial
responsibilities
In Canada, responsibility for corrections is divided between the federal and provincial governments. The Correctional Service of Canada is responsible for offenders serving sentences of two years or longer (including life sentences). The provinces are responsible for offenders sentenced to terms of less than two years.
The Parole Board of Canada makes conditional release decisions for federal offenders and for provincial offenders in the provinces and territories without their own parole boards.
Public Safety Canada works to harmonize policies among the federal agencies and departments that are implicated in crime prevention, law enforcement and corrections with the goal of advancing effective corrections policy in the interest of public safety.
To help achieve an effective Canadian correctional system, PSEPC works in partnership with a wide variety of government departments and agencies, voluntary sector organizations and First Nations communities. Our partners include:
Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies
Correctional Service Canada
Health Canada
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
John Howard Society of Canada
Justice Canada
L'Association des services de réhabilitation sociale du Québec
National Association of Friendship Centres
Parole Board of Canada
Office of the Correctional Investigator
Provincial/territorial and municipal governments
RCMP
Salvation Army Correctional and Justice Services
St. Leonard's Society of Canada