Feminism:
* Feminism is a social movement that has taken it’s discourse over the past hundred years. Feminist sociologists look at the inequalities between men and women in society. * Feminist sociologists believe that society is built on conflict – (disagreement) between men and women, they believe that men have all the power in society and that it is unfair towards women. * There is more than one type of feminism, although all believe that there is some issue of inequality between men and women, they have differing solution to the issue. * Liberal Feminism: they believe that men and women are becoming more equal. They believe that the inequality was created due to sexist laws and gender socialisation. They believe that the solution to rid society of sexist laws and, children should be socialised similarly. * Marxist Feminism: they believe that inequalities between men and women are due to capitalism in society. Women are used as free housewives and minders; bringing up the next generation of workers for the ruling class. They believe the solution is to move towards a more communist society where everybody (men and women) is treated equally as all wealth, property and assets be shared equally. * Radical Feminism: they believe that there are still big inequalities between men and women, and it’s due to society being patriarchal. They believe that the solution is separatism: where men and women live separately.
Marxism:
* Marxism is a social perspective that believes that there are huge inequalities between different classes in society. They believe that society is also built on conflict, however this conflict is between classes. * Marxists believe that the inequalities arise because of capitalism in society – where people want tot make as much money as possible. In order to do this, the ruling class exploit the working class e.g. by giving them low wages. * Marxists believe that the ruling class impose the idea that it is natural for the ruling class to be, above the working class in status, education and job opportunities.
Functionalists:
* Functionalist look at how and why society runs smoothly. * Unlike Feminists and Marxists, functionalists believe that society is built on consensus rather than conflict – which means we all agree on how to behave (norms) and what is right and wrong (values) * Functionalists believe that every part of society has a function to play in order to make society run smoothly. E.g. The education system prepares you for your role in the future.
New Rights: * New rights sociologists believe that the traditional roles have been undermined by the permissive values of the 1960s and 1970s. * They believe that the nuclear family is the bedrock of a smooth running society. Providing that the mother is the carer/nurturer and the father is the breadwinner. They believe that lone parent families – provide issues of concern towards society, as their children may become delinquents due to inadequate socialisation. * They believe that the welfare situation creates a dependency culture where people have created a different set of norms and values.
Post Modernism:
* Rejection that there is an absolute truth, * Rejection of the modernist movement of the 1960’s.
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