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Fiche Lecture: the Retreat of the State: the Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Susan Strange

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Fiche Lecture: the Retreat of the State: the Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Susan Strange
INSTITUTE D’ÉTUDES POLITIQUES DE PARIS – CAMPUS DE POITIERS

INTRODUCTION À LA SCIENCE POLITIQUE – CONFÉRENCE DE M. FRÉDÉRIC LOUAULT

FICHE DE LECTURE: The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, de Susan Strange

Luis Felipe LOPES

Le dernier 28 Novembre, l’organisation Wikileaks a publié, en partenariat avec cinq grands véhicules d’information, environ 250 mil télégrammes de la diplomatie américaine considérés ultrasecrets. Le Wikileaks Cablegate n’est pas le premier épisode déclenché par les révélations du Wikileaks qui cause des gênes considérables aux États-Unis au sein de la communauté mondiale. Les cas des War Logs démontraient déjà l’incapacité et l’impossibilité des Etats-Unis de contrôler pleinement le flux d’informations et connaissance concernant ses propres affaires sécrètes. Ces événements sont des exemples concrets du changement des prérogatives de l’Etat traditionnel, thème central de l’ouvrage The Retreat of the State : The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, de Susan Strange, publié en 1996. Effectivement, l’auteur britannique identifie déjà dans la première page de son livre que, dans le domaine des connaissances, l’Etat n’est plus la seule autorité chargée de contrôler l’accès à l’information et de définir la nature des connaissances. L’affaiblissement de l’autorité de l’Etat est perçu par un grand nombre d’experts comme un phénomène difficile d’être nié ou ignoré. Dernièrement, la littérature dans le domaine des Relations Internationales a été dominée par une vague d’ouvrages et travaux de recherche portant sur des sujets tels que les changements de la politique internationale, la montée en puissance de différents acteurs non-étatiques et le rôle de l’Etat dans ce nouveau panorama. Dans ce cadre, de nouveaux concepts comme « régimes internationaux » et « gouvernance globale » sont émergés prétendant à la fois expliquer les changements et indiquer des nouveaux standards d’action de l’Etat.

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