Final Biology Exam Review
Final Biology Exam Review Unit One: Cellular Processes Definitions:
Apoptosis – Known as cell suicide, lysosomes break open and decompose the entire cell.
Triglyceride – A lipid molecule composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Simple diffusion – Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It goes through the phospholipid bilayer.
Facilitated diffusion – Diffusion of particles through the cell membrane, assisted by transmembrane proteins.
Carrier protein – Transmembrane protein that helps with diffusion of certain substances through a membrane.
Active transport - Movement of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient, uses carrier proteins and energy from ATP.
Enzyme – A protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – Compound used as a source of energy in cells.
Saturated fatty acid – Fatty acid that has no double bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated fatty acid – Fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between their carbon atoms. Write the formula for determining total magnification when using a compound light microscope. Total magnification = Ocular lens magnification x Objective lens magnification
Calculate the magnification for each: Ocular lens = 15x Objective lens = 10x Total magnification =?? 150x Ocular lens = 15x Objective lens =?? 15x Total magnification = 225x Describe the structure and function of each of the following organelles: Cell membrane (plasma membrane) – Made of two phospholipid molecules (bilayer), proteins, and carbohydrates. Controls what enters and exits the cell.
Ribosome – Round organelle that either floats freely in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough E.R. Used by the cell to produce proteins.
Lysosome – Round organelle containing digestive enzymes. Breaks down molecules, destroys old cell organelles and controls apoptosis.
Nucleus –
Apoptosis – Known as cell suicide, lysosomes break open and decompose the entire cell.
Triglyceride – A lipid molecule composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Simple diffusion – Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It goes through the phospholipid bilayer.
Facilitated diffusion – Diffusion of particles through the cell membrane, assisted by transmembrane proteins.
Carrier protein – Transmembrane protein that helps with diffusion of certain substances through a membrane.
Active transport - Movement of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient, uses carrier proteins and energy from ATP.
Enzyme – A protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – Compound used as a source of energy in cells.
Saturated fatty acid – Fatty acid that has no double bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated fatty acid – Fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between their carbon atoms. Write the formula for determining total magnification when using a compound light microscope. Total magnification = Ocular lens magnification x Objective lens magnification
Calculate the magnification for each: Ocular lens = 15x Objective lens = 10x Total magnification =?? 150x Ocular lens = 15x Objective lens =?? 15x Total magnification = 225x Describe the structure and function of each of the following organelles: Cell membrane (plasma membrane) – Made of two phospholipid molecules (bilayer), proteins, and carbohydrates. Controls what enters and exits the cell.
Ribosome – Round organelle that either floats freely in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough E.R. Used by the cell to produce proteins.
Lysosome – Round organelle containing digestive enzymes. Breaks down molecules, destroys old cell organelles and controls apoptosis.
Nucleus –