Productivity and quality enhancement:
In order to attempt to focus on quality, end users were reducing the number of suppliers with whom they did business and were concentrating their purchases with those that were best able to meet their specific quality, availability, and service requirements.
Total quality management (TQM):
Total quality management (TQM) consists of organization-wide efforts to install and make permanent a climate in which an organization continuously improves its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. While there is no widely agreed-upon approach, TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously-developed tools and techniques of quality control. TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being overshadowed by ISO 9000, Lean manufacturing, and Six Sigma.
Organizational structure:
An organizational structure activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment.
Organizations are a variant of clustered entities. An organization can be structured in many