Although it's not clear in the story whether an associates degree is a precondition for taking the exam, in your opinion, should a degree be a requirement to sit for the exam?
Yes
Why or why not?
A Fire science degree should be a requirement to take the test. It shows that the fire fighter it trying to improve him or her self and become more knowledgeable of their craft. It also shows that they are committed to their career. Working and going to school is not an easy thing to do. Like the question states we do not know if the degree is required to sit the exam, if not stated as a requirements, then the degree should not be a factor in the selection
process.
Based on the fact that Doug and Sam earned the first and second highest test scores, is it a reasonable assumption that the city of Davis will add Doug and Sam to the certification list?
Yes
Why or why not?
According to what we know of the information provided they should both be on the list. They have both meet the requirements to sit for the exam and scored the two best scores.
Can the City successfully defend itself on the basis of "disparate impact?"
Yes
Why or why not?
The city did will not effect anyone of a protected class, under Title VII Once disparate impact is established, the employer must justify the continued use of the procedure or procedures causing the adverse impact as a "business necessity."
Under what circumstances may racial discrimination be proved by "disparate impact?"
One does not need to be direct about the discrimination. Example would be "Whites only need to apply". There can be indirect evidence, there are three steps known as the McDonnell Douglas test. 1. Plaintiff must establish Prima Facie case of race. a. member of a protected class b. has the qualification for the job c. adverse employment action d. improper motive 2. The defendant must produce evidence of a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for the action. 3. The plaintiff must present facts to show an inference of discrimination.