Fluid and Elecrolytes
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Introduction to Body Fluids
1. a. Where are fluids absorbed? Into the plasma in the intestine.
b. Where are excess fluids and electrolytes lost? The kidneys remove them from the body through urine.
2. Name four of the six functions of water.
a. Temperature regulation
b. Protective cushion
c. Lubricant
d. Solvent
3. a. The amount of water in the body depends on the amount of fat tissue.
b. From the CD, list the person with the highest and lowest percentage of water and give the percentage.
1. Highest New born baby 73%
2. Lowest Over weight woman 40%
4. List the three fluid compartments and the percentage of total body water in each.
a. Intracellular 62%
b. Interstitial 30%
c Plasma 8%
5. Give an example of each of the following solutes:
a. Ions/electrolyte: Sodium ion
b. Colloids: Proteins
c. Nonelectrolytes: Glucose
6. List the major extracellular and intracellular cations and anions
a. Extracellular cations: Sodium anions: Chloride
b. Intracellular cations: Potassium anions: Phosphates and Protein
7. Within a fluid compartment, the total number of positive charges
must be equal to the total number of negative charges .
8. Name four of the seven functions given for electrolytes:
a. Cofactors for enzymes
b. Action potentials in neuron and muscle cells
c. Muscle contraction
d. Secretion and action of hormones and neurotransmitters
9. Osmosis: When more solute particles are added to one side of a container with a selectively permeable membrane, which way will the water move? From the left to the right.
10. What happens to a patient’s red blood cells when the following solutions are given:
a. Hypotonic solution: Water moves into cells and they expand.
1. a. Where are fluids absorbed? Into the plasma in the intestine.
b. Where are excess fluids and electrolytes lost? The kidneys remove them from the body through urine.
2. Name four of the six functions of water.
a. Temperature regulation
b. Protective cushion
c. Lubricant
d. Solvent
3. a. The amount of water in the body depends on the amount of fat tissue.
b. From the CD, list the person with the highest and lowest percentage of water and give the percentage.
1. Highest New born baby 73%
2. Lowest Over weight woman 40%
4. List the three fluid compartments and the percentage of total body water in each.
a. Intracellular 62%
b. Interstitial 30%
c Plasma 8%
5. Give an example of each of the following solutes:
a. Ions/electrolyte: Sodium ion
b. Colloids: Proteins
c. Nonelectrolytes: Glucose
6. List the major extracellular and intracellular cations and anions
a. Extracellular cations: Sodium anions: Chloride
b. Intracellular cations: Potassium anions: Phosphates and Protein
7. Within a fluid compartment, the total number of positive charges
must be equal to the total number of negative charges .
8. Name four of the seven functions given for electrolytes:
a. Cofactors for enzymes
b. Action potentials in neuron and muscle cells
c. Muscle contraction
d. Secretion and action of hormones and neurotransmitters
9. Osmosis: When more solute particles are added to one side of a container with a selectively permeable membrane, which way will the water move? From the left to the right.
10. What happens to a patient’s red blood cells when the following solutions are given:
a. Hypotonic solution: Water moves into cells and they expand.