Fluid Mechanics
Notes For the First Year Lecture Course:
An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds. CIVE1400 FLUID MECHANICS Dr Andrew Sleigh May 2001 Table of Contents 0.
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Objectives: Consists of: Specific Elements: Books: Other Teaching Resources. Civil Engineering Fluid Mechanics System of units The SI System of units Example: Units
3
3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 9
1.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
FLUIDS MECHANICS AND FLUID PROPERTIES
Objectives of this section Fluids Causes of Viscosity in Fluids Properties of Fluids
10
10 10 15 16
2.
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
FORCES IN STATIC FLUIDS
Fluids statics Pressure Pressure Measurement By Manometer Forces on Submerged Surfaces in Static Fluids
19
19 20 28 33
CIVE 1400: Fluid Mechanics
Contents and Introduction
1
3.
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
FLUID DYNAMICS
Uniform Flow, Steady Flow Flow rate. Continuity The Bernoulli Equation - Work and Energy Applications of the Bernoulli Equation The Momentum Equation Application of the Momentum Equation
44
44 47 49 54 64 75 79
4.
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
REAL FLUIDS
Laminar and turbulent flow Pressure loss due to friction in a pipeline. Pressure loss during laminar flow in a pipe Boundary Layers
91
92 96 98 101
5.
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Dimensions and units Dimensional Homogeneity Results of dimensional analysis Buckingham’s π theorems Choice of repeating variables An example Manipulation of the π groups Common π groups Examples Similarity Models
112
112 113 114 115 115 116 118 118 119 121 122
CIVE 1400: Fluid Mechanics
Contents and Introduction
2
0. Contents of the Module 0.1 Objectives:
• • • The course will introduce fluid mechanics and establish its relevance in civil engineering. Develop the fundamental principles underlying the subject. Demonstrate how these are used for the design of simple
An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds. CIVE1400 FLUID MECHANICS Dr Andrew Sleigh May 2001 Table of Contents 0.
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Objectives: Consists of: Specific Elements: Books: Other Teaching Resources. Civil Engineering Fluid Mechanics System of units The SI System of units Example: Units
3
3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 9
1.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
FLUIDS MECHANICS AND FLUID PROPERTIES
Objectives of this section Fluids Causes of Viscosity in Fluids Properties of Fluids
10
10 10 15 16
2.
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
FORCES IN STATIC FLUIDS
Fluids statics Pressure Pressure Measurement By Manometer Forces on Submerged Surfaces in Static Fluids
19
19 20 28 33
CIVE 1400: Fluid Mechanics
Contents and Introduction
1
3.
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
FLUID DYNAMICS
Uniform Flow, Steady Flow Flow rate. Continuity The Bernoulli Equation - Work and Energy Applications of the Bernoulli Equation The Momentum Equation Application of the Momentum Equation
44
44 47 49 54 64 75 79
4.
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
REAL FLUIDS
Laminar and turbulent flow Pressure loss due to friction in a pipeline. Pressure loss during laminar flow in a pipe Boundary Layers
91
92 96 98 101
5.
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Dimensions and units Dimensional Homogeneity Results of dimensional analysis Buckingham’s π theorems Choice of repeating variables An example Manipulation of the π groups Common π groups Examples Similarity Models
112
112 113 114 115 115 116 118 118 119 121 122
CIVE 1400: Fluid Mechanics
Contents and Introduction
2
0. Contents of the Module 0.1 Objectives:
• • • The course will introduce fluid mechanics and establish its relevance in civil engineering. Develop the fundamental principles underlying the subject. Demonstrate how these are used for the design of simple