Folio Chemistry Form 4 Chapter 9
← Understand the manufacture of sulphuric acid. ← Synthesise the manufacture of ammonia and its salts. ← Understand alloys. ← Evaluate the uses of synthetic polymer. ← Apply the uses of glass and ceramics. ← Evaluate the uses of composite materials. ← Appreciate various synthetic industrial materiala.
(H4SO4)
← USES OF SULPHURIC ACID
1. Sulphuric acid is used to produce chemical fertilizer such as ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate, which are highly soluble in water and can be easily obsorbed by plant.
2. Car batteries contain sulphuric acid which is used as the electrolyte.
3. Sulphuric acid also used in the making of artificial silk-like fibres and rayon.
4. Chemical like paints, dyes and drug use sulphuric acid as one of their component materials.
← MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
1. Sulphuric acid is manufactured in industry though contact process
2. The process contain three stage
STAGE1: Production Of Sulphur Dioxide From Sulphur i. Combustion of sulphur or sulphide ores in the air produce sulphur dioxide SO2.
S(s)+O2(g)(SO2(g)
sulphur ii. sulphur dioxide is dried and purified.
STAGE2: Production Of Sulphur Trioxide From Sulphur Dioxide i. The purified sulphur dioxide SO2 and excess air are passed over vanadium(V) oxide V2O5 at controlled optimum condition optimum condition to produce sulphur trioxide SO3.
2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g) ii. The optimum used are a) Temperature:450-500°C b) Pressure: 2-3 atmospheres c) Catalyst: Vanadium(V) oxide iii. Under controlled optimum conditions, 98% conversion is possible. Sulphur dioxide and oxygen that have not reacted are allowed to flow back again over the catalyst in the converter.
STAGE3: Conversion of trioxide to sulphuric acid
i. Sulphur trioxide SO2 is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid H2SO4 to form oleum H2S2O7 which is then diluted with water to form sulphuric acid H2SO4.
SO3(g)+H2SO4(l)(H2S2O7(l) Oleum
(H4SO4)
← USES OF SULPHURIC ACID
1. Sulphuric acid is used to produce chemical fertilizer such as ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate, which are highly soluble in water and can be easily obsorbed by plant.
2. Car batteries contain sulphuric acid which is used as the electrolyte.
3. Sulphuric acid also used in the making of artificial silk-like fibres and rayon.
4. Chemical like paints, dyes and drug use sulphuric acid as one of their component materials.
← MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
1. Sulphuric acid is manufactured in industry though contact process
2. The process contain three stage
STAGE1: Production Of Sulphur Dioxide From Sulphur i. Combustion of sulphur or sulphide ores in the air produce sulphur dioxide SO2.
S(s)+O2(g)(SO2(g)
sulphur ii. sulphur dioxide is dried and purified.
STAGE2: Production Of Sulphur Trioxide From Sulphur Dioxide i. The purified sulphur dioxide SO2 and excess air are passed over vanadium(V) oxide V2O5 at controlled optimum condition optimum condition to produce sulphur trioxide SO3.
2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g) ii. The optimum used are a) Temperature:450-500°C b) Pressure: 2-3 atmospheres c) Catalyst: Vanadium(V) oxide iii. Under controlled optimum conditions, 98% conversion is possible. Sulphur dioxide and oxygen that have not reacted are allowed to flow back again over the catalyst in the converter.
STAGE3: Conversion of trioxide to sulphuric acid
i. Sulphur trioxide SO2 is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid H2SO4 to form oleum H2S2O7 which is then diluted with water to form sulphuric acid H2SO4.
SO3(g)+H2SO4(l)(H2S2O7(l) Oleum