Food Security
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUTION
1.1: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Food security according to World Bank(1996) means access by all people at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life. Hence, the success in production and distribution plays an important role in food security. Food security requires access to food both in terms of availability which is described by the ability of the people to get food and for the people to buy the food. Food security is dependent on agricultural production, food imports and donations, employment opportunities and incomes earnings, intra- house hold decision–making and resource allocation, health are utilization and caring practices (World Bank) Food security can be “Chronic “ in which case it is the inability to acquire food continuously causing inadequate diet and nutrition or transitory in which case it is a decline in household access to food temporarily which may be due to the instability in food these in food production, prices, household income or a combination of these factors. Maslow rates food as the most basic of all human needs (Koontz, O’ Donnel and Weihrich, 1983). Man needs food for life’s sustenance, prevention of sickness and in providing energy for the normal psychological activities of the body including the normal state of mind. Hence, the need for food security becomes importance as it eventually affects a nation’s productivity and growth. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs) is a condition of illness caused by a virus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The devastating nature of this disease in the world today is unquestionable. No part of the world and no section of the population have been left untouched. Not only individuals and families but also the whole social environment itself is in danger. Insecure livelihood is one of the means to increase the vulnerability to risky behaviours and HIV infection through immoral actions. AIDs normally hits
INTRODUTION
1.1: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Food security according to World Bank(1996) means access by all people at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life. Hence, the success in production and distribution plays an important role in food security. Food security requires access to food both in terms of availability which is described by the ability of the people to get food and for the people to buy the food. Food security is dependent on agricultural production, food imports and donations, employment opportunities and incomes earnings, intra- house hold decision–making and resource allocation, health are utilization and caring practices (World Bank) Food security can be “Chronic “ in which case it is the inability to acquire food continuously causing inadequate diet and nutrition or transitory in which case it is a decline in household access to food temporarily which may be due to the instability in food these in food production, prices, household income or a combination of these factors. Maslow rates food as the most basic of all human needs (Koontz, O’ Donnel and Weihrich, 1983). Man needs food for life’s sustenance, prevention of sickness and in providing energy for the normal psychological activities of the body including the normal state of mind. Hence, the need for food security becomes importance as it eventually affects a nation’s productivity and growth. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs) is a condition of illness caused by a virus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The devastating nature of this disease in the world today is unquestionable. No part of the world and no section of the population have been left untouched. Not only individuals and families but also the whole social environment itself is in danger. Insecure livelihood is one of the means to increase the vulnerability to risky behaviours and HIV infection through immoral actions. AIDs normally hits