Force vs Area

Force vs. Area

Connor Blackmon

Chemistry I H, 1st Period

Mrs. Kris Clements

October 18, 2012
Problem

Will a balloon pop if it is places on a bed of nails and pressure is applied?

Hypothesis

If a balloon is placed on a bed of nails and a force is applied, then the balloon will burst.

Variables

Independent variable- Force applied to the balloon and number of nails

Dependent variable- Does the balloon burst?

Materials
14 inch by 14 in by .75 in plywood board x2
196 nails
4 rods (14 inches tall)
Ruler
Pen
Drill
10 latex and 10 rubber balloons
Weights (1 lb, 5 lbs, 10 lbs; multiple of each weight)

Procedures:

Assembling the Board: Using a pen and ruler, every one inch make a mark on one of the boards, these marks should be parallel to each other use a drill to place a nail at each one of the points made on the board, all nails will be used On the four corners drill a hole for a 14 inch rod facing the same way as the nails Using the drill again, make four holes in the corners of the other plywood board for the rods to slide through

Experiment Procedures: Inflate the rubber balloons to 11 inches in diameter, all balloons should be plus or minus .2 of an inch in diameter Place rubber balloon on the middle of the bed of nails Slide plywood board trough the rods to sandwich to balloon Record if the balloon pops or not and weight applied to balloon including the weight of the plywood board Repeat steps 2-4; add increasing amounts of weight every cycle Repeat steps 1-5 with latex balloons

Society as a whole has always had a thirst to expand their knowledge of the ever expanding universe around them. This drive has led man from living in caves and fighting every day to live; to living in the tallest manmade structures all over the world. The world of science has also advanced in leaps and bounds. In the area of physics it is an ever expanding field that encompasses many topics such as force, area and pressure which play an important role in everyday life.

Whenever two or more objects interact with each other using a push or a pull, this is called a force. “Force is defined as any of various factors that cause a body to change its speed, direction, or shape. It has both magnitude and direction. Contributions of force from different sources can be summed to give the net force at any given point.” (YourDictionary, 1996) A force can only be observed if there the objects are interacting with each other, when the contact concludes so does the force acting upon the two objects. Most forces between objects can be divided into contact forces and forces resulting from a distance. A contact force is when multiple objects are in contact with each other to exert a force. Some examples of contact forces are tensional forces, frictional forces, applied forces, air resistance forces, and normal forces. Objects that apply forces without physical contact, such as gravitational and magnetic forces, are distances forces. (Henderson, 2012)

Forces on objects can be measured using the formula F= ma, where F stands for force, m stands for the mass of the object, and a stands for acceleration of the same object. The quantity of force is measured in Newtons. “One Newton is the amount of force required to give a 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s/s. Thus, the following unit equivalency can be stated: 1 Newton = 1 kg m/s2.” (Henderson, 2012) These forces are governed by Sir Isaac Newton’s First Law of Motion, which states that an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will remain at rest until acted upon by an outside force. Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (Nave, Force, 2005) Force is also a vector quantity, which is represented in diagrams by arrows, and the magnitude of the force is proportional to how big the arrow is.

On a two-dimensional plane the quantity that expresses the extent of a shape or surface is the area of an object. The area of something can be understood to be the amount of material it takes to cover or hide something on a plane with a single sheet or layer. Other than using a formula an area can be determined by using a grid with the lines being a set distance apart. Area is measured in the International System of Units or SI units. The measure or area is in square meters or a square whose sides are equal to one meter in length. An object with a measurement of the area equaling to one hundred square meters has the same area as one hundred of the same squares. The formula to find the area of an object differs upon what the shape of the object is. For a rectangle it is A = lw, where A equals area, l equals to the length of the rectangle, and w stands for the width of the rectangle. A triangle has the formula A = ½ Bh, where B stands for the base of the triangle and h stands for the vertical distance from the base to the perpendicular vertex of the triangle. Circles use the formula A = πr2 where the symbol π represents pi or 3.14 and r represents the radius which should be squared to find the proper area. The area of almost any polygon can be measured by dividing the shape into any shape there is a formula for. Any shape that has a curved or wavy boundary, calculus is typically needed. The area of three-dimensional objects is referred to as its surface area. The first to calculate the surface area of objects were the Ancient Greeks. Area is used in many ways in modern society in fields such as geometry and engineering. (Gray, 1997)

“Pressure is defined as force per unit area. It is usually more convenient to use pressure rather than force to describe the influences upon fluid behavior. The standard unit for pressure is the Pascal, which is a Newton per square meter.” (Nave, Pressure, 2005) Otherwise the vertical pressure on an object is equal to the force divided by the area. (Giancoli, 2004)

Forces take place all around in everyday life; a force is as simple as from when a door is opened to sliding a book along a desk. These forces are directed by Isaac Newton’s Laws of Motion. Area is in many engineering and designing careers, such as building a floor plan for a house and decorating the same house with furniture. When these two forces combine in a special way they create pressure on an object. This is measured by the force divided by the area of the object.

Works CitedGiancoli, D. G. (2004). Physics: principles with applications. . Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.

Gray, A. (1997). The Intuitive Idea of Area on a Surface. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Henderson, T. (2012, January). The Meaning of Force. Retrieved September 28, 2012, from The Physics Classroom: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/u2l2a.cfm

Nave, R. (2005, April). Force. Retrieved September 27, 2012, from Hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html

Nave, R. (2005, March). Pressure. Retrieved September 30, 2012, from Hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/press.html

YourDictionary. (1996, January). Force Science Definition. Retrieved September 28, 2012, from YourDictionary: http://science.yourdictionary.com/force

Cited: iancoli, D. G. (2004). Physics: principles with applications. . Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education. Gray, A. (1997). The Intuitive Idea of Area on a Surface. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Henderson, T. (2012, January). The Meaning of Force. Retrieved September 28, 2012, from The Physics Classroom: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/u2l2a.cfm Nave, R. (2005, April). Force. Retrieved September 27, 2012, from Hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html Nave, R. (2005, March). Pressure. Retrieved September 30, 2012, from Hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/press.html YourDictionary. (1996, January). Force Science Definition. Retrieved September 28, 2012, from YourDictionary: http://science.yourdictionary.com/force