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Franz Kafka - Die Verwandlung

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Franz Kafka - Die Verwandlung
1. Einleitung

Franz Kafka, der bedauerlicherweise kurzlebige Schriftsteller im Zeitalter des Expressionismus, der aber nicht unbedingt in irgendeine Strömung einstufbar ist, hinterließ eine im größten Teil nur in Fragment übriggebliebene, davon unabhängig aber ein sehr bedeutungs- und wertvolles Lebenswerk. Ich möchte mich mit seiner Schrift „Die Verwandlung”, die er 1912 geschrieben hat, beschäftigen. Ich dachte an sie, weil Kafka in diesem Fall, abweichend von seinen anderen Schriften, die konventionelle Struktur einer Geschichte ausgewählt hatte, doch im Gegensatz zur einfachen Form ist die Auslegung des Inhaltes komplizierter und mehrdeutig. In meiner Hausarbeit werde ich die Interpretationsmöglichkeiten anhand des Textes aus verschiedenen Aspekten erörtern.

2. Narratologische Aspekte

Schon bei der Bestimmung der Gattung gibt es Probleme. Oft wird dieses Werk als eine Novelle, die in drei Kapitel gegliedert ist, definiert. Das wäre aber, meiner Meinung nach, viel zu einfach, besonders wenn wir daran denken, dass es nicht anders als Kafka, dessen Werke schwer zugänglich sind, geschrieben hat. „Die Verwandlung“ als Märchen zu kategorisieren wäre übertrieben. Außerhalb des Leitmotivs, dass Gregor Samsa ein Ungeziefer wurde, gibt es in der Geschichte nichts Außergewöhnliches. Da aber dieses Ungewöhnliche ans Tageslicht kommt, sich verkörpert, trotzdem die Leser keine Erklärung bekommen, geht es viel mehr um eine Fabel ohne Belehrung. Wir lachen über die grotesken Situationen, doch es ist kein angstfreies Lachen, wir können den Greuel nicht loswerden. Die Geschichte ist mit der Atmosphäre der grotesken Tragödie gewürzt.
Die Erzählinstanz ist auch nicht eindeutig. Die Geschichte enthält sowohl persönliche Meinungsäußerungen als auch Kommentare des Autors. Der Anfang wird aus der Perspektive eines allwissenden Erzählers geschildert: „Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens aus unruhigen Träumen erwachte[…]“. Dann kommt die Hauptfigur immer öfter zum

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