Frcs Revision Notes
The ulnar nerve is formed from the medial cord nerve roots of C7-T1.
Originating in the brachial plexus, it descends down the arm before passing around the medial epicondyle of the elbow (the so-called funny bone) and then passes between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU).
It gives some cutaneous branches just before the wrist whilst the motor branches pass around the hook of hamate.
Its motor contribution is to all small muscles of the hand except the lateral two lumbricals as well as FCU and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP).
Its sensory supply is to the one and a half ulna side fingers
The foramen ovale is part of the greater wing of the sphenoid and transmits the mandibular and lesser petrosal nerve.
This nerve enters the infratemporal fossa through the petrotympanic fissure and runs downward and forward to join the lingual nerve.
The foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery from the infratemporal fossa into the cranial cavity.
The jugular foramen transmits the following structures from before backward: inferior petrosal sinus, CN IX, X, XI, and the large sigmoid sinus.
The facial nerve exits the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen.
Hyponatraemia can be classified as a hypovolaemic, euvolaemic or hypervolaemic state.
Hypovolaemic state is due to marked dehydration with excessive salt losses, for example, vomiting or Addison's disease.
Euvolaemic state typically reflects syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
Hypervolaemic state is due to conditions such as congestive cardiac failure (CCF), cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and myxoedema.
Carbenoxolone causes pseudohyperaldosteronism with hypertension, hypernatraemia and hypokalaemia.
Major surgery, pneumonia, subarachnoid, meningitis and injury (as well as drugs) can induce SIADH.
Scaphoid
Articulations:
* Radioscaphoid joint * Scapholunate joint * Scaphocapitate joint * Scaphotrapezial joint * Scaphotrapezoidal joint
Originating in the brachial plexus, it descends down the arm before passing around the medial epicondyle of the elbow (the so-called funny bone) and then passes between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU).
It gives some cutaneous branches just before the wrist whilst the motor branches pass around the hook of hamate.
Its motor contribution is to all small muscles of the hand except the lateral two lumbricals as well as FCU and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP).
Its sensory supply is to the one and a half ulna side fingers
The foramen ovale is part of the greater wing of the sphenoid and transmits the mandibular and lesser petrosal nerve.
This nerve enters the infratemporal fossa through the petrotympanic fissure and runs downward and forward to join the lingual nerve.
The foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery from the infratemporal fossa into the cranial cavity.
The jugular foramen transmits the following structures from before backward: inferior petrosal sinus, CN IX, X, XI, and the large sigmoid sinus.
The facial nerve exits the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen.
Hyponatraemia can be classified as a hypovolaemic, euvolaemic or hypervolaemic state.
Hypovolaemic state is due to marked dehydration with excessive salt losses, for example, vomiting or Addison's disease.
Euvolaemic state typically reflects syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
Hypervolaemic state is due to conditions such as congestive cardiac failure (CCF), cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and myxoedema.
Carbenoxolone causes pseudohyperaldosteronism with hypertension, hypernatraemia and hypokalaemia.
Major surgery, pneumonia, subarachnoid, meningitis and injury (as well as drugs) can induce SIADH.
Scaphoid
Articulations:
* Radioscaphoid joint * Scapholunate joint * Scaphocapitate joint * Scaphotrapezial joint * Scaphotrapezoidal joint