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Synopsis – Grade 8 Science
Chapter 1: Crop Production And Management
 Crop: Same kinds of plants cultivated on a large scale
Types
Kharif crops Rabi crops

Season
Sown in rainy season (June to
September).
grown during winter season
(October to March)

Examples soyabean, paddy, maize wheat, gram, pea

 Basic crop production practices
Practices
Preparation of soil
Sowing

Process
Loosening and upturning of the soil. This process is known as tilling or ploughing.
Placing of seeds of a crop in the soil is called sowing.

Adding
Adding nutrients to the soil manure and fertilizers Irrigation

Supplying of water to plants at various intervals is called irrigation. Tools


Plough
 Hoe
 Cultivator
 Funnel shaped traditional tool driven by animals
 Seed Drills
Manures - Prepared from decomposed animals and plant waste. Fertilizers
Commercially
available inorganic salts rich in plant nutrients  Moat (pulley system)
 Chain pump
 Dhekli
 Rahat (chain system)
 Sprinkler system
 Drip system
 Manually by hands
 Seed drills
 Khurpi
 Weedicides like 2,4-D
 Sickle
 Combine

Protection
Removal of unwanted plants from weeds from the field that compete with
(weeding)
crops for space, water and nutrients Harvesting The process of cutting of mature crops from the field is called harvesting Threshing
The process of removing grains Combine

Storage

from chaff is called threshing.
The process of keeping seeds  Jute bags and metallic bins safe from spoilage due to for small scale storage moisture, insects, rats, and  Silos and granaries for large microorganisms for a long time scale storage is called storage

 Sources of irrigation: Wells, tube wells, ponds, lakes, canal, river, dams etc.
 The process of separating grains from the husk in the mixture of threshed chaff is called winnowing.
 Small scale storage of grains: It is usually done in jute bags and metallic