1. The Chinese dynasties during this period encountered the continuity of political practices from earlier traditional Chinese dynasties. For example, one specific aspect in the Tang dynasty were revived during the Ming dynasty such as the Tang code. During the Ming dynasty, Hongwu established the draft of a new Confucian law code, the Daming Lu, which repeated assorted clauses found in the Tang code years ago. During the Qing dynasty, emperor Kangxi’s economical changes helped him throughout his reign.…
a. The slogan for Frankfurt’s view of free will is “your will is free when you have the will you want to have.” He believes that you have free will when you are in control of your desires.…
Th ink sw ap Do cu me nt Question: In what ways does a comparative study accentuate the distinctive contexts of King Richard III and Looking For Richard? Question 2: To what extent have the connections you have made between the two texts shown how particular concerns, although timeless, impact differently on individuals in different contexts.…
The distinction between a wanton and person is that when a person acts, their desire originates from reflection. On the other hand, wantons actions do not reflect or can guide their will. Furthermore, Frankfurt contends that second-order volitions are associated with the freedom of the will. A freedom of the will can be an issue for people. This is the situation because of the way free will is difficult because the fact that we should have the ability to guide our desires in relationship to our will for us to have the possibility of freedom. The possibility of the freedom is just valid if one's desire is connected to one's volitions. Moreover, Frankfurt contends there is a particular distinction between the freedom of will and freedom of action. The freedom of action refers to the state where one is free to do what one needs while freedom of the will is the freedom for one to need what one needs to have. The freedom of the will is when one acts just on the desires that they need to need. Moreover, in freedom of the will, one is free to have a will that one really need, and it is accordingly just free when one follow up on the will one needs. For Frankfurt, the possibility of freedom is different than…
Stan Lee, creator of many of the Marvel movies, once said, “With great power there must also come… great responsibility.” Free will is like a great power that has been given to us. It can be used for good and evil. As humans, we believe that we have a choice in everything. Thus the idea of free will. But because of that choice there will always be a downside to free will.…
Roderick Chisholm defends Libertarianism, and in his essay "Human Freedom and The Self" argues that we have freedom of the will. Chisholm does not abandon the idea of causes but instead defines two types of causation. The first is transeunt causation where one event or state of affairs causes another event or state of affairs. This causation is based on a relationship between events. The second is immanent causation where an agent causes an event or state of affairs. An agent is an uncaused causer of events who is not bound by the laws of nature. This causation is based on the relationship between an agent and an event. Chisholm quotes a passage from Aristotle to demonstrate his immanent causation, "Thus, a staff moves a stone, and is moved by a hand, which is moved by a man" (Chisholm, 409). This event of moving a stone with a staff was caused transeuntly by the moving of the hand. The hand movement was caused transeuntly by the contraction of certain muscles, which was caused transeuntly by neurological activity in the man's brain. So, where does the immanent causation fit in? Ultimately we can back track the transeunt causations to the immanent cause which in this case is the man causing the brain event. This brain…
vHarry Frankfurt’s work “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person” discusses the attributes of free will through the concept of first and second order desires. He explains that a first-order desire is a desire to perform an action, and a second-order desire is the desire to perform another desire. When someone wants their secondary desire to become their will and take the place of their first-order desire it is called a second-order volition. Frankfurt’s work centers on how second-order volitions are evidence of free will because free will is only achieved when a person is able to choose which desire to act upon. Frankfurt argues that each second-order volition is an expression of free will and without them a person is left with only…
Frankfurt, H. G. (1971, January 14). Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. The Journal of Philosophy, 5-20.…
Many would question what second-order desires have to do with this work on freedom of will. In his own words, Frankfurt explains: "For it is only in virtue of his rational capabilities that a person is capable of becoming critically aware of his own will and of forming volitions of the second order." This means that only a creature with the capabilities of reason can realize that it has its own will and can make volitions of the second order, and thus is a person.…
Do you have freewill? Do you have the ability to choose what you do at no cost? Many believe that freewill coincides with freedom. Freewill is having the power of acting without constraint of necessity or fate. Freedom is having the power to act, speak, or think as one wants without restraint or hindrance. Americans do not have freewill because of Social Security, the laws and amendments that are put into place, by the religions that are practiced, and by individuals involved in a community.…
There are many boundaries that affect how much we can change or alter what we are set out to become. Growing up a middle class white teenager I have always felt I must become the regular hard-working family man my father is. I have choices, however society’s image of an American male adult plays a major factor in the shaping of the man I will become. In the four pieces from the reader, the authors collectively believe they must conform to society’s perfect image of what they must look like and become. It is this pressure that has transformed me into the individual I am today. My life is pre-determined by my race and gender but I believe I have as much free will as I would like to express myself and change my status as an individual in today’s society. Free will is defined as the ability to choose, and I believe we all have that right to choose what we look like and become when we age. I believe free will is one of the most important aspects of living in a free society, like the one in which we live in today.…
Kant, a soft determinist, said that in order to make a moral decision we must have freedom. Kant believed that the ability to make moral decisions lay within the existence of freedom; stating that if we are not free to make our own decisions those decisions could not be moral as we were never free to make that decision in the first place. Kant thought that a person could be blamed for an action if they could have acted differently; for example if a person’s family is held at gunpoint and they are forced to open a safe they cannot be blamed as they did not have a choice. If we are to have free will we must have the ability to make a decision that is unhindered; Kant believed that we must have free will if we are to be help morally responsible for our actions, if God did not give us free will then our decisions cannot be considered immoral or moral as we would have had to act in the way we did. Thus we cannot be held responsible; a good moral action cannot be praised as you had no other option, whilst an immoral action cannot be punished as once again there was no free choice.…
In the period of time when the American Revolution was being fought, many influential people wrote documents, or spoke about freedom. People such as Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Paine, shared a common goal. They used a variety of persuasive modes, tones, and stylistic techniques to get their point across. Eventually, with their determination and strive for independence, they helped build a great nation.…
What would it be like if we as American citizens did not have any rights or freedoms? Thankfully we will never have to worry about thanks in regards to our founding fathers and the Bill of Rights. In this essay I will discuss which freedom in the First Amendment to the Constitution is most relevant to me personally. I will also analyze and discuss the significance of the Bill of Rights and subsequent notable amendments to the U.S. democracy. Finally, I will discuss the process for amending the Constitution and give my opinion on whether it is a “fair” process or not.…
Hello, you rotten monsters. I'd like to talk to you about objectivity. It's not too common, but every now and then a cuddlefish comes by and insists that we have no right to talk about XKCD because it's all subjective. This is demonstrably false.…