In college it is a common sight to see students crowding a room on the first day to try to get a spot in a class that is a requirement to graduate, but most of them already know they might not be able to get a spot in the class. This phenomenon is an example of the idea of “lifeboat” ethics. Garrett Hardin, the writer of Lifeboat Ethics, said in his writings “So we sit here, say fifty people in our life boat... let us assume that it has room for ten more… [we] see one hundred others swimming in the water outside, begging for admission in to our boat...” (Hardin 415). Hardin’s Lifeboat Ethics is about the concept that we’re on a boat and we’re trying to decide who will get on the lifeboat and survive. Though we are not in the open sea, our…
To give or not to give? This is the central question brought up in “The Singer Solution To World Poverty,” an article written by utilitarian philosopher, Peter Singer. Singer’s “solution” is that Americans need to take all of their money that is not devoted to the basic requirements for life and give it to organizations that are working on saving impoverished children across the globe. In his piece, he uses two imaginary situations to draw a conclusion about the moral position of Americans who do not donate their surplus money to save the poor. In the first, a woman nearly trades a boy’s life for a material possession, and in the second, a man allows a child to be hit by a train in order to save his car. Singer compares these two concocted characters to the unwilling, selfish Americans. He uses these horrific situations to influence his audience’s emotions and make them feel guilty for not donating their extra money; Singer’s accusations make his audience question their ethics and morals by equating them to child murderers. He even goes as far as to say that in order to live a “morally decent” life, we…
How Durning and Skinner Proved That Hardin’s Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor Does Not Float…
The world consists of different people, civilizations, and ways of life. There are many situations that call for different ways of handling them, like poverty, overpopulation, resources, and famine aid. Two very different points of view about these issues are espoused in two very different essays written decades apart, “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor” by Garrett Hardin and “A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift. Hardin’s view of civilization and the world, although harsh, has facts that could help improve the issues. Even though Swift’s opinion has personal perspective, it isn’t very realistic.…
In Peter Singer’s 1972 post titled “Famine, Affluence and Morality”, he conveys that wealthy nations, for example the United States, has an ethical duty to contribute much a lot more than we do with regards to worldwide assistance for famine relief and/or other disasters or calamities which may happen. In this document, I will describe Singers objective in his work and give his argument with regards to this problem. I will describe 3 counter-arguments to Singer’s view which he tackles, and after that reveal Singer’s reactions to those counter-arguments. I will explain Singer’s idea of marginal utility and also differentiate how it pertains to his argument. I will compare how the ideas of duty and charity alter in his suggested world. To conclude, I will provide my own reaction about this problem supporting singer’s argument. Should wealthier nations have a moral duty to relieve poorer nations if a disastrous event were to happen? I think that we all must contribute in times of need even if this means substantially modifying the way in which we live for the objective of assisting other people so long as it doesn't cause us to suffer.…
In his article “Famine, Affluence, and Morality,” Peter Singer outlines his argument for helping those in need in the global community. His main argument is that humans can stop suffering based on our moral decisions.1 Singer calls for the definition of ‘charity’ in our society to have moral implications. People should give governmental and privately. all need to give to charity and all at the same time.…
Aristotle, a famous Greek philosopher, had a theory of trying to simplify the task of arguing by dividing and classifying arguments into three types. The three types are called Logos or logic-base, Pathos or emotion based, and Ethos or credibility based. The two classic essays, “Life Boat Ethics” by Garrett Hardin and “A Modest Proposal” by Johnathan Swift, the writers make good suggestions with these types of arguments over world population and world famine.…
The issue of moral obligations towards the global poor has always been a contentious affair to be discussed for fear of problematic resolutions that may affect academia on a personal level. Peter Singer, most notable for his authorship of “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” and the drowning child analogy, presents the rather uncommon normative view that affluent persons are morally obligated to donate more resources to humanitarian causes than the present standard. Singer’s perspective on these seemingly radical moral ideals are confronted by many a pragmatic objection, ranging from entitlement principles to moral inequalities. Nevertheless, Singer builds his argumentative framework in regards to moral obligations to the global poor on solid…
For those who frightened much to abandon their life, goals, projects and interests in order to save one’s life, say goodbye to righteousness. In “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”, also in “ the life you can save”, Peter Singer tries to show that we human beings have a moral obligation to give far more than we actually do for excessive and tragic situations such as famine and disaster relief. According to singer, Giving, sharing and helping the needy is more than moral happiness and inner satisfaction, it is a moral duty. As he state his argument in three premises, “1, suffering and death from the lack of food, shelter and medical care are bad, (2), if it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening,…
Singer's position on our moral obligation to aid the world's poor is characteristically frank and rests on three premises. The first premise states that ‘if we can prevent something bad without sacrificing something significant, we ought to do it.’ The second premise simply declares that ‘extreme poverty is bad’. Finally, the third premise claims that ‘there is some extreme poverty we can prevent without sacrificing anything of comparable moral significance.’ Ultimately, the sum of the premises’ yield the conclusion that ‘we ought to prevent some extreme poverty.’ The premises are wisely formulated; it’s put forth in a fashion that…
It is an irrefutable fact that we should help each other. However sometimes help to others poses some danger to either us or others. In Peter Singer's essay "Famine Affluence, and Morality" Peter Singer argues that we ought, morally, to prevent starvation due to famine. Singer begins by saying that assistance has been inadequate as richer countries prioritize development above preventing starvation. Singer then states that "suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad" (404) and assumes that it is uncontroversial enough to be accepted without justification. He then next raises the linked premise that we morally ought to prevent something 'bad' from happening as long as we have the means and it does not entail compromising on anything of 'comparable moral significance', using the analogy of a drowning child and hence assuming the principle _of "_universalizability" (405). As Singer writes, he attempts to justify why he feels that it is within our means to do so without sacrificing anything morally significant, and concludes that we hence morally ought to prevent starvation due to famine.…
We have the right to help others if we feel the need to, and the other party may return the favor. However, people do not count equally in the sense that we shouldn’t put the needs of a stranger before the needs of someone we care about. Narveson ends his argument by explaining how we are not obligated to spend our money to help those in poverty, but if we feel the need to, we can give to charity and spend our money on things we…
In the article, "Famine, Affluence, and Morality," by Peter Singer, he is addressing the subject of charity, morality in general, and giving us a different insight in the thoughts about famine relief. Singer points out some interesting things in his article. I do agree that people, espeically the rich, should do more than what most of them actually do. This paper will explain Singer 's goal, his counter arguments, his concept of marginal utility, and the ideas of charity and duty.…
Hardin, Garrett. "Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor."Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor by Garrett Hardin - The Garrett Hardin Society - Articles.…
1.Governmental response by imposing Anti- formalin act: The government is set to ban or restrict import of formalin into the country due to widespread use of the chemical in fruits posing a serious threat to human health. If a person uses any equipment for producing this chemical substance without a license can be sentenced to suffer up to ten years of jail or a fine of taka 0.5 million or both. If anyone holding a formalin license fails to abide by any condition laid down in the license, the person could be convicted and sentenced to suffer a maximum jail terms of seven years. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) code which deals with maintaining microbial quality control should also be introduced to protect adulteration.…