Gas Hydrates
GAS HYDRATES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
POTENTIAL FUTURE FUEL FOR THE ECONOMY
GAS HYDRATES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
POTENTIAL FUTURE FUEL FOR THE ECONOMY
Thomas Harding
SEDV 601
Thomas Harding
SEDV 601
Fariha Abedin, Nisa Choudhary, Romaine Mcleary
Fariha Abedin, Nisa Choudhary, Romaine Mcleary
Contents ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DISTRIBUTION 3 WHAT ARE NATURAL GAS HYDRATES? 4 WHERE DO NATURAL GAS HYDRATES FORM? 5 POSSIBLE PRODUCTION METHOD: 6 Thermal Injection: 6 Inhibitor Injection: 6 Depressurization: 6 Figure 7 Cost involved in extraction 7 The Extraction of Methane from Gas Hydrates Using Methanogenic Archaebacteria 8 TRANSPORTATION METHOD: 10 GAS HYDRATES DRILLING HAZARD 10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: 12 CLIMATE CHANGE: 13 BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES THRIVING ON METHANE: 14 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS: 14 CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH FUTURE DEVELOPMENT: 16 References 18
ABSTRACT
Gas Hydrates are a largely untapped energy resource, and the potential for extracting energy from it is considerable. Research in this area is driven by the need to meet economical energy targets, but is relatively young compared to other energy technologies. Gas hydrates were first discovered in 1965 and consists of substantial volumes of hydrocarbon energy collected few hundred meters deep into the earth’s surface. Natural Gas Hydrates are found on both onshore and offshore permafrost, in Polar Regions worldwide. The interests in gas hydrates are due to three important key factors: it is a resource potential from fossil fuel; it is a submarine geo-hazard, and the environmental concerns. It has been known that the volume of energy stored in gas hydrates can surpasses world’s supply of energy through coal, oil and conventional natural gas collectively. There are many challenges revolved around extraction of the gas from hydrate deposit that could result in negative effect on the environment. Various researches are currently being conducted in a number of
POTENTIAL FUTURE FUEL FOR THE ECONOMY
GAS HYDRATES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
POTENTIAL FUTURE FUEL FOR THE ECONOMY
Thomas Harding
SEDV 601
Thomas Harding
SEDV 601
Fariha Abedin, Nisa Choudhary, Romaine Mcleary
Fariha Abedin, Nisa Choudhary, Romaine Mcleary
Contents ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DISTRIBUTION 3 WHAT ARE NATURAL GAS HYDRATES? 4 WHERE DO NATURAL GAS HYDRATES FORM? 5 POSSIBLE PRODUCTION METHOD: 6 Thermal Injection: 6 Inhibitor Injection: 6 Depressurization: 6 Figure 7 Cost involved in extraction 7 The Extraction of Methane from Gas Hydrates Using Methanogenic Archaebacteria 8 TRANSPORTATION METHOD: 10 GAS HYDRATES DRILLING HAZARD 10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: 12 CLIMATE CHANGE: 13 BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES THRIVING ON METHANE: 14 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS: 14 CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH FUTURE DEVELOPMENT: 16 References 18
ABSTRACT
Gas Hydrates are a largely untapped energy resource, and the potential for extracting energy from it is considerable. Research in this area is driven by the need to meet economical energy targets, but is relatively young compared to other energy technologies. Gas hydrates were first discovered in 1965 and consists of substantial volumes of hydrocarbon energy collected few hundred meters deep into the earth’s surface. Natural Gas Hydrates are found on both onshore and offshore permafrost, in Polar Regions worldwide. The interests in gas hydrates are due to three important key factors: it is a resource potential from fossil fuel; it is a submarine geo-hazard, and the environmental concerns. It has been known that the volume of energy stored in gas hydrates can surpasses world’s supply of energy through coal, oil and conventional natural gas collectively. There are many challenges revolved around extraction of the gas from hydrate deposit that could result in negative effect on the environment. Various researches are currently being conducted in a number of
References: W, Dillon. (1992) Gas (Methane) Hydrates : A New Frontier. U.S. Geological Survey Marine and Coastal Geology Program. Retrieve on Nov. 23, 2012 from: http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/gas-hydrates/title.html Y.F. Makogon, S.A. Holditch, T.Y. Makogon (2007) Natural gas-hydrates: A potential energy source for the 21st Century. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 56; pg. 14–31 Y. F. Makogon, S.A. Holditch, K. F. Perry, & J. C. Holste. (2004) Gas Hydrate Deposits: Formation and Development. Offshore Technology Conference (1998) Natural Gas 1998: Issues and Trends. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Retrieved on 28th November, 2012 from: http://www.eia.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_publications/natural_gas_1998_issues_trends/pdf/chapter3.pdf Gene Whitney, C. E. (n.d.). Energy: Natural Gas. The Capitol.Net. M., B. (1994). Metabolism of methanogens. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. Zobell, C. E. (Dec. 1946). Bacteriological Process for Treatment of Fluid-Bearing Earth Formation. Retrieved from http://www.planetseed.com/node/15297