After about two weeks, coughing bouts start. These are exhausting and make it difficult to breathe.…
There are toxic particles in smoke that can stimulate mucus secretion and destroy the infection-fighting phagocytes. (McMillan, 2010). Smoking can also make a person more susceptible to colds and other illnesses. Smoking has many risks, including bronchitis, cancer, asthma, emphysema, COPD, cardiovascular disease, slow bone healing and many more. Tobacco smoke in the body can convert into carcinogens, which can lead to lung cancer. Smoking can affect homeostasis by affecting oxygen levels and increasing the levels of carbon dioxide and by affecting the strength of the blood flow in the lungs. It would cause the heart to work harder to pump the blood to the lungs. (McMillan,…
During strenuous times, our body undergoes many physiological changes in order to aid our survival, and this is an inherited function (Canon’s ‘fight or flight’ theory). Stress in small doses, in fact is needed and useful to humans, however long term stress can take its toll on the body. The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model was developed by Selye to explain the effects of exposure to stressor. The GAS model consists of these 3 stages; Alarm – when our HPAC and SAM pathways are activated, causing stress related hormones like adrenaline and cortisol to be releases into blood, which in turn, converts to glucose, giving the body a sudden surge of energy, allowing ‘fight or flight’ like behaviours, until the stressor is gone and the parasympathetic nervous pathway activates, allowing us to calm down. Resistance – When the stressor remains however the person appears unaffected on the outside, but internally the stress related effects are occurring, e.g. stress hormones still being released and a continued elevation in heart rate. The resistance stage can harm health, as the immune system is not as effective. However the body attempts to resist disease. Further stressors make this much harder. Exhaustion – stressor still persists (and would now be referred to as Chronic stress) and Selye claimed that the body’s defences can no longer cope with the demands that are made, resources are drained, causing a drastic fall in blood sugar levels, and our adrenal glands no longer function properly. However this is inaccurate, which is a criticism of the GAS model, as while the body is ‘exhausted’ in terms of full ability, it could still perform if immediate action and release of energy was needed. It is also believed that many of the long lasting effects of raised stress hormones is what causes stress related illnesses, rather than the body’s sources being depleted. The study lacks ecological…
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) was carried out by Selye who put rats under enormous stress to assess their responses. The stressors they were exposed to were bacterial infection, toxins, physical restraint and extreme heat and cold. He called their overall reaction the GAS. There are three stages of GAS, Alarm Reaction Stage, Resistance Stage, and Exhaustion Stage. The Alarm reaction stage makes the ANS respond to the stressor. The Resistance Stage is when all alarm systems are a full capacity so the parasympathetic nervous system calls for a more cautious use of resources. Coping strategies such as denial are used and the "fight or flight" response is less effective. When the stress reduces there is a period of adjustment. The Exhaustion Stage is when, eventually the physiological systems in the previous stages become ineffective and the initial ANS symptoms of arousal reappear. In extreme cases, attempts to return to a normal state fail, and the final stage occurs.…
The fourth stage is action. In this stage the client has changed their behavior over a short period of time. They have put together a plan that they have developed during the preparation stage. Clients in this stage are more aware of their past behaviors and they are making an effort to not use those old behaviors. The fifth stage is maintenance. In this stage clients have changed and they are working extremely hard to maintain their new behaviors. They have been in this stage for at least six months and have not been having any problems.…
The first is the danger that smoking can cause bouts of cancer. Content – content is harmful in cigarettes, such as nicotine activates cells – cancer cells in the lungs. As a result, the cells – cancer cells that will continue to grow and spread in all parts of the organ, so lung – pulmonary rot and can no longer work optimally. In the end they are suffering from Bronchitis. People-people who have been suffering from cancer of the lung is usually difficult in breathing because his…
When something occurs that takes your body away from its original homeostasis state, into fear or rage, and then into exhaustion.…
The person needs to stop smoking because cigarette damages the tiny hair structures in the lungs called the cilia, they the person continues to smoke the damage will stop the cilia from functioning properly and will increase the chances of condition worsening.…
Smoking causes the majority of lung cancers in smokers. The amount of lung cancer is powerfully connected with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers rising ,as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer rises with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors state to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history. Doctors believe smoking causes lung cancer by damaging the cells that mark the lungs. When one breathes in cigarette smoke, which is full of cancer-causing materials, changes in the lung tissue begin almost rapidly. In the beginning one’s body may be able to heal this harm. Even so, with each frequent exposure, normal cells that line one’s lungs are gradually damaged. As time passed, the damage leads cells to act oddly and finally cancer can progress.…
The steps of the general adaptation syndrome that I would experience are alarm reaction, which is the body’s initial response to any stressors. This reaction mobilizes or arouses the body in preparation to defend itself against a stressor. This reaction involves a number of body changes, which are initiated by the brain and further regulated by the endocrine system and the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.…
doesn’t get sucked down into a smoker’s lungs, but rather escapes into the air, where it…
The GAS has proven useful for many years by providing a model of how stress-induced illness arises and by giving clinicians some insight into how to manage stress related conditions in their patients. According to Selye, there are three stages of stress response: alarm phase (acute stress); resistance phase (chronic stress); and exhaustion phase (burnout).…
My name is Marcy Bureau. I chose this topic because I had a lot of…
In stage 3, pain occurs during and after activity, affecting the performance of the athlete.…
1. Coughing: Smokers coughing that is. After a not predetermined time of being a smoker, you will begin to experience smokers cough, because your body uses this as a way to try and get rid of the toxins you inhale while smoking.…