GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 2 
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Introduction
Constituents of Immune
? system
Types of immune response Introduction
The immune system is: The body defense mechanism an interacting set of organs, specialized cells and proteins designed to identify and destroy foreign invader
Ministry of defence of the human body
The immune system must be able to: differentiate between normal component of the body (“self”) and material that is not native to the body “nonself”
A highly specialized receptors present for discriminating between ”self” and
“nonself” components
*This is accomplished by the two arms of the immune system
1) The innate (natural or nonspecific) immune system
2) The adaptive (acquired or specific) immune system
These two systems perform many of their functions by cooperative interactions
Relax!
Neither Joking Nor thought flocking
Cellular Constituents Of The Immune
System
Types of White BloodCells
• There are 5 different types of
WBCs
• Neutrophils (60%)
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
– kill bacteria
• Eosinophils (2%)
– Allergic response
– Parasite killing
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
• Basophils (1%)
– Allergic reactions
• Monocytes (4%)
– Become macrophages
• Lymphocytes (33%)
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Neutrophils
– Direct the immune system
Other cells
Fibroblast, platelets, some epithelial cells…etc.
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocytes
• Two types of lymphocytes
– T-Cells (Thymus derived)
• Natural Killer Cells (Innate Immunity)
• CD4+ T-Cells (helper cells)
• CD8+ T-Cells (cytotoxic cells)
– B-Cells (Bone Marrow derived)
Antigen presenting cells (APC)
General
APC
Professional
APC
All Cells
B-Cells, Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Present antigen found outside the cell
Use an MHC class II molecule to present antigen Interact with CD4+ TCells
T-Cell Help
Present antigen found inside the cell
Use an MHC class I molecule to present antigen Interact with CD8+ TCells
Cellular Killing
Molecules:
1: Cytokines: A large family of low
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Introduction
Constituents of Immune
? system
Types of immune response Introduction
The immune system is: The body defense mechanism an interacting set of organs, specialized cells and proteins designed to identify and destroy foreign invader
Ministry of defence of the human body
The immune system must be able to: differentiate between normal component of the body (“self”) and material that is not native to the body “nonself”
A highly specialized receptors present for discriminating between ”self” and
“nonself” components
*This is accomplished by the two arms of the immune system
1) The innate (natural or nonspecific) immune system
2) The adaptive (acquired or specific) immune system
These two systems perform many of their functions by cooperative interactions
Relax!
Neither Joking Nor thought flocking
Cellular Constituents Of The Immune
System
Types of White BloodCells
• There are 5 different types of
WBCs
• Neutrophils (60%)
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
– kill bacteria
• Eosinophils (2%)
– Allergic response
– Parasite killing
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
• Basophils (1%)
– Allergic reactions
• Monocytes (4%)
– Become macrophages
• Lymphocytes (33%)
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Neutrophils
– Direct the immune system
Other cells
Fibroblast, platelets, some epithelial cells…etc.
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocytes
• Two types of lymphocytes
– T-Cells (Thymus derived)
• Natural Killer Cells (Innate Immunity)
• CD4+ T-Cells (helper cells)
• CD8+ T-Cells (cytotoxic cells)
– B-Cells (Bone Marrow derived)
Antigen presenting cells (APC)
General
APC
Professional
APC
All Cells
B-Cells, Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Present antigen found outside the cell
Use an MHC class II molecule to present antigen Interact with CD4+ TCells
T-Cell Help
Present antigen found inside the cell
Use an MHC class I molecule to present antigen Interact with CD8+ TCells
Cellular Killing
Molecules:
1: Cytokines: A large family of low