General Psychology - Learning
3/1/2013
LEARNING ABOUT STIMULI LEARNING
• Habituation is a form of adaptive learning; organisms stop paying attention to stimuli that are often repeated and that don't signal any important environmental events. • According to the opponent-process theory, habituation to repeated stimuli causes two processes.
MEMBERS: ARJINDER SINGH ROAR (SC-KL-00037774) LEY SHAHRWIND A/L AGILAN (SC-KL-00040703) LORETTA AMELIA BARERO PADUA (SC-KL-00040935) SANJIV A/L M.RAJESWARAN (SC-KL-00040927)
THE 2 PROCESSES
• The first, known as the a-process, is an almost reflexive increase or decrease in some response. • The second, called the b-process, causes an opposite or opposing response. • The opponent-process theory has been used to explain drug-tolerance development.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
PAVLOV’S DISCOVERY
PAVLOV EXPERIMENT PHASES
• During phase 1 - a natural reflex and neutral stimulus was established • In phase 2 - unconditional stimulus was paired with a conditioned stimulus • In phase 3 - a conditional stimulus was used to obtain a conditional response
1
3/1/2013
CONDITIONED RESPONSES OVERTIME
• Extinction-what if the meat powder (UCS) is no longer given to the dog? • The conditioned response(salivation) will gradually disappear. • However if UCS is paired with the CS (bell sound) condition response will appear • Spontaneous recovery-temporary reappearance of CR after extinction
STIMULUS GENERALIZATION
• Stimuli that is similar but not identical the conditioned stimulus(bell sound) which elicit the response.
STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION
SIGNALING OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
• Timing
• Balances stimulus generalization • Attention • Predictability
APPLICATIONS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• Phobias- fears of objects or situations that are not harmful.
INSTRUMENTAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING
• Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease- A puff of air directed at your eye is an UCS that causes you to blink.
SKINNER BOX
2
3/1/2013
• According
LEARNING ABOUT STIMULI LEARNING
• Habituation is a form of adaptive learning; organisms stop paying attention to stimuli that are often repeated and that don't signal any important environmental events. • According to the opponent-process theory, habituation to repeated stimuli causes two processes.
MEMBERS: ARJINDER SINGH ROAR (SC-KL-00037774) LEY SHAHRWIND A/L AGILAN (SC-KL-00040703) LORETTA AMELIA BARERO PADUA (SC-KL-00040935) SANJIV A/L M.RAJESWARAN (SC-KL-00040927)
THE 2 PROCESSES
• The first, known as the a-process, is an almost reflexive increase or decrease in some response. • The second, called the b-process, causes an opposite or opposing response. • The opponent-process theory has been used to explain drug-tolerance development.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
PAVLOV’S DISCOVERY
PAVLOV EXPERIMENT PHASES
• During phase 1 - a natural reflex and neutral stimulus was established • In phase 2 - unconditional stimulus was paired with a conditioned stimulus • In phase 3 - a conditional stimulus was used to obtain a conditional response
1
3/1/2013
CONDITIONED RESPONSES OVERTIME
• Extinction-what if the meat powder (UCS) is no longer given to the dog? • The conditioned response(salivation) will gradually disappear. • However if UCS is paired with the CS (bell sound) condition response will appear • Spontaneous recovery-temporary reappearance of CR after extinction
STIMULUS GENERALIZATION
• Stimuli that is similar but not identical the conditioned stimulus(bell sound) which elicit the response.
STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION
SIGNALING OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
• Timing
• Balances stimulus generalization • Attention • Predictability
APPLICATIONS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• Phobias- fears of objects or situations that are not harmful.
INSTRUMENTAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING
• Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease- A puff of air directed at your eye is an UCS that causes you to blink.
SKINNER BOX
2
3/1/2013
• According