Genre in Cinderella

Gender Expectations in Cinderella

Our culture is full of fairy tales. These fairy tales started out as entertaining stories, but as they were handed down from one generation to the next, they slowly became more than that. They became bedtime stories for children, and as such, they have great importance because they teach children how to be in the world. One such fairy tale is Cinderella, and a look at a storybook for children, Disney’s Cinderella, adapted by Lisa Ann Marsoli, demonstrates that, whatever the intention of its makers, modern day fairy tales function in our society as hidden instructions for morals and behaviors that we give children. On the surface, it seems to be a simple story about a young woman whose wishes come true. However, the story also reflects cultural expectations of women’s behaviors and goals and defines expectations of “goodness” for women. The story shows us that society expects women to be passive. Cinderella patiently suffers under all kinds of abuse by her stepmother and stepsisters without any complaint. She is “busy with sweeping, cleaning, washing, and dusting” (5) but does nothing in response but sing about “dreams of happiness that she hoped would come true” (6). She merely wishes for things to change rather than take action for herself. She passively waits to be rescued by her Prince Charming rather than trying to fight for her own freedom. Thus, Cinderella’s behavior teaches women that they should suffer in silence (or at the most, with a song). It is not only behavior but women’s goals themselves that are being dictated by fairy tales. The women in the story strive, not to be independent, but to be beautiful. Cinderella’s sisters spend countless hours dressing for the ball because they know their only value is in their appearance. Even Cinderella, the heroine, is thrilled by the finery her fairy godmother gives her, exclaiming, “Oh, it’s beautiful!” (5) and “it’s more than I ever hoped for” (6). In fact, Prince Charming falls in love with her “at first sight” not because of her personality but because of the beauty that her new clothes give her. This is evident in his bored reaction to the string of women paraded in front of him and his sudden interest in Cinderella before he speaks a word to her. Before their first waltz had ended, “Both had found true love” (75). The message is that a woman’s worth is in the way she dresses and the way she looks, and thus, little girls who listen over and over again to Cinderella’s story may very well be encouraged to grow up to become women who obsess over their appearances. Another goal the women in this story share is marriage. Marriage is held up as every woman’s dream regardless of the fact that the potential husband is a complete stranger. Each stepsister “was so excited, in fact, that she could already imagine the prince falling in love with her and asking her to be his bride” (37). Even Cinderella wants to meet the prince so badly that she is willing to tackle the large list of chores her stepmother gives her as a prerequisite for attending the ball (38). However, it is not just Cinderella and her stepsisters who want to go to the ball; the entire population of single women in the kingdom want to go to the ball for the chance to marry a prince whom they have never met. There is never any question of any woman not wanting to marry the rich and powerful prince. The story implies that Cinderella’s only way to escape the abuse in her life is to marry someone she has only know for a few short hours. For the larger world, the implication is that marriage should be the only valid choice a woman has, and the unfortunate result is that career and education are considered secondary. One last underlying message of the story is that in order to be a “good,” a girl must ascribe to these rigidly defined gender behaviors and goals. From the very start, the book states, “Once upon a time there was a beautiful little girl named Cinderella who was loved by everyone. She was sweet, kind, and gentle” (3). This implies that she is loved for these qualities that are gendered feminine by our society: sweetness, kindness, and gentleness. We see this message reinforced by the juxtaposition of how the stepsisters are rendered. We are told that Drizella and Anastasia, the stepsisters, “could have been pretty, but their selfish, cruel natures made them look ugly” (4). Here, we are shown the consequences of stepping out of proscribed gender roles, consequences so dire that they are physically manifested in a woman’s outer appearance. Granted, selfish and cruel behaviors are not positive character traits, but the extreme portrayal of the “evil” stepsisters and stepmother seem to be a way to reinforce the feminine nature of Cinderella’s goodness. These offer a dichotomous vision of good and evil that serves as a warning for girls to be good by mimicking Cinderella’s passive behavior if they want to avoid the fate of the stepsisters, doomed to be ugly and unloved.
It is tempting to see Cinderella as only a fairy tale; nevertheless, an ideal of womanhood does exist in this society, and that ideal is constructed from the messages we receive as children. If that message is that women should be passive, beautiful, and desirous only of marriage, is it any wonder that women are pressured to be and do those things as adults in this society? It is also problematic that only one vision of goodness for women is perpetuated by stories such as Cinderella and even more problematic that this definition of goodness further reinforces a limited range of feminine behaviors for women. Thus, however tempting it might be to see Cinderella as harmless entertainment, it is important to recognize the power this fairy tale has in forming our ideas about women in our culture.