GEOGRAPHY WORK FINAL
Geography
Stefen Ewers
December 4, 2014.
QUESTION: “The secondary effects of lithospheric hazards are often more serious than the hazard event itself.” Discuss this statement. [20 marks]
The lithosphere is that portion of the outermost part of the earth. It consists of the curst and the upper mantle. A hazard is considered as any threat that has the potential to cause loss of life or injury or damage to property. We can therefore assume that term a lithospheric hazard refers to those that are caused through geological processes that have threats to human life and the environment they live in. These types of hazards include things such as Volcanoes and Earthquakes, namely because their source of origins are directly linked to tectonic and earthly activity.
With the occurrence of lithospheric hazards i.e. the hazard being turned into an event or disaster, there comes about effects in the short and long run of things that affect human life and activity. These effects can be classified as Primary or direct, and secondary or indirect. When applied to environmental study, primary effects are considered to be any direct impact one agent has on the environment and humans that is does affect. Some of these are loss of life, property damage and so on. In the same respect, secondary effects refer to those that come about as a result of the primary impacts and also sometimes just due to long term lack of things provided that were lost in the initial disaster. This could include things such as diseases and rises in food and medical prices after the disaster.
Earthquakes are considered as the instantaneous violent shaking of the earth’s crust which typically brings about significant destruction due to movement of the plates which the crust is situated on. Buildings can fall, bridges can collapse, and fires can start along with mudslides. A 6 minute massive earthquake of magnitude 9.0 hit Japan on March 11, 2011. The quake’s epicenter was located 130 east of the country’s
Stefen Ewers
December 4, 2014.
QUESTION: “The secondary effects of lithospheric hazards are often more serious than the hazard event itself.” Discuss this statement. [20 marks]
The lithosphere is that portion of the outermost part of the earth. It consists of the curst and the upper mantle. A hazard is considered as any threat that has the potential to cause loss of life or injury or damage to property. We can therefore assume that term a lithospheric hazard refers to those that are caused through geological processes that have threats to human life and the environment they live in. These types of hazards include things such as Volcanoes and Earthquakes, namely because their source of origins are directly linked to tectonic and earthly activity.
With the occurrence of lithospheric hazards i.e. the hazard being turned into an event or disaster, there comes about effects in the short and long run of things that affect human life and activity. These effects can be classified as Primary or direct, and secondary or indirect. When applied to environmental study, primary effects are considered to be any direct impact one agent has on the environment and humans that is does affect. Some of these are loss of life, property damage and so on. In the same respect, secondary effects refer to those that come about as a result of the primary impacts and also sometimes just due to long term lack of things provided that were lost in the initial disaster. This could include things such as diseases and rises in food and medical prices after the disaster.
Earthquakes are considered as the instantaneous violent shaking of the earth’s crust which typically brings about significant destruction due to movement of the plates which the crust is situated on. Buildings can fall, bridges can collapse, and fires can start along with mudslides. A 6 minute massive earthquake of magnitude 9.0 hit Japan on March 11, 2011. The quake’s epicenter was located 130 east of the country’s