2. The “Broken Windows” strategy brought to New York by former Mayor Rudolph Giuliani was a theory that general crime rates can be reduced by severely applying laws against petty offenses. This in turn leads into more arrests, which I believe adds more problems rather than solves them. As a contrast to community policing which is more effective. Due to getting to understand the community and knowing where large areas of crime taking place. Also recognizing individuals in the streets and winning over their confidence and respect.…
For more than 20 years, the relationship between disorder and crime has been the focus of a contentious debate in social policy. In 1982, two academic theorist Wilson and Kelling came up with a metaphor known as the Broken Window theory that would link the relationship between disorder and crime within communities. They believe these two factors are causally linked and that policing would be the instrumental tool helping to prevent criminal activity. When officers were removed from their patrol cars and placed to walk the streets, some communities believed crime deceased making citizens feels a little more secure. Community policing has become a model of policing where it shift from traditional, reactive policing to one that promotes working…
Imagine leaving your house and never returning back. Imagine being assaulted and killed by neighborhood watch, in an unfamiliar area to you. Is that how the gated communities keep down the crime? Killing young innocent teenagers, does that set the tone for any future crimes? When it’s raining outside, do you wear a hood on your head too if be available? Imagine being profiled as a burglar or on drugs because of this hood you had on in the rain. When you look in the mirror every morning, do you think to yourself, I hope I don’t die today?…
The Broken Windows theory was first discussed in the late 1960s and has since been put in to use, greatly impacts the way that police and city-level political officials view crime and disorder Some believed that Broken windows was a success because it hit multiple facets of public policy. It provided a way for police to “do something” about disorder and crime. But, many academics in criminology and criminal justice, believe that the practice is fatally flawed and that its associated policing strategy does not reduce crime and can damage police and community relationships. However I believe it does work and can still work. As we grow thing need to change in order to keep…
In a study conducted by Kees Keizer, an envelope with a 5 Euro note was placed in a mailbox. When the mailbox was clean and the surrounding area was free of litter, only 13% of people who passed by it took the money, but when the mailbox was covered with graffiti, 27% of the passers-by took the money (Keizer). The Broken Window Theory explains that cracking down on urban disorder will prevent additional crime and antisocial behavior. Proponents of this theory say that it is effective at preventing and reducing crime. Opponents say that this theory is malicious because it is racist and unfairly targets the poor. The implementation of the Broken Window Theory by police departments has prevented gun violence in low-income neighborhoods, has encouraged business growth and development and has encouraged urban tourism.…
Social psychology first examined the phenomena later termed “bystander effect” in response to a 1964 murder. The murder of a young woman with as many as 38 witnesses and none who helped until it was too late. The bystander effect is individuals seeing an emergency situation but not helping. There are many reasons why individuals do not respond: diffusion of responsibility, not noticing or unsure if it is an emergency, and not wanting to be liable if the person still dies are a few.…
Phillip Zimbardo’s, You Can’t be a Sweet Cucumber in a Vinegar Barrel has many valid points. The first point that could be considered obvious is the question that he prose’s is, “Why do good people do bad things?”(Zimbardo 1). This question can be answered by a number of contributing factors. Such as how a person was raised and where they were raised. He uses the example of the police man stating that it was a bunch of black and Puerto Rican kids that were vandalizing an unattended car(Zimbardo 7). The officer, probably said that because of how he was either raised or how he was conditioned to think while in the service. By assuming that the vandals of the car were a certain demographic, he makes it seem as though the people he believes is capable of such things fit that same group of kids. This attributes to the circumstances of why the car was vandalized by those kids in the first place. The setting, more than likely a dark area of the Bronx or also maybe in a “bad” neighborhood allows for the inhabitants of that neighborhood to act or be expected to act as such a person in a “bad” neighborhood would act, i.e., stealing, vandalizing, and selling illegal substances. In retrospect, Zimbardo also…
Could humiliation and pain come from something as simple as a glass in a wooden frame? Throughout the novel, My Name Is Asher Lev by Chiam Potok, much of inner characters are revealed through the symbol of the window. The mother, the father, and Asher all face many struggles and the use of the window helps one to understand them.…
The Glass Castle is a memoir written by Jeannette Walls, published in 2005. It recounts her…
These offenses include public drunkenness, vagrancy, loitering, panhandling, graffiti, and urinating and sleeping in public. A significant number of arrests and prosecutions are devoted to these crimes against the quality of life, but for the most part, they receive limited attention because they are misdemeanors, are swiftly disposed of in summary trials before local judges, and disproportionately target young people, minorities, and individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. In the 1980s, scholars began to argue that seemingly unimportant offenses against the public order and morals were key to understanding why some neighborhoods bred crime and hopelessness while other areas prospered. This so-called broken windows theory is identified with criminologists James Q. Wilson and George Kelling. Why the name broken windows? Wilson and Kelling argue that if one window in a building is broken and left unrepaired, this sends a signal that no one cares about the house and that soon every window will be broken. The same process of decay is at work in a neighborhood. A home is abandoned, weeds sprout, the windows are smashed, and graffiti is sprayed on the building. Rowdy teenagers, drunks, and drug addicts are drawn to the abandoned structure and surrounding street. Residents find themselves confronting panhandlers, drunks, and addicts and develop apprehension about walking down the street…
The Criminal Justice System is a necessary aspect of American life. America is known for being the land of the free. If you are living in America you have something called “rights”. Rights as a U.S. citizen are based off “The Bill of Rights” in the United States Constitution. The Constitution clearly states the rights that each and every American citizen are entitled to. Most of the population don’t quite understand how many rights they actually do have as an American. With freedom and rights in our citizens’ defense, it’s only natural that more crimes occur and the criminals become incarcerated. But, did you ever think maybe the innocent get put behind bars all because they did not understand their rights? I have the perfect example which forever changed American history and those wrongfully accused; it’s the case of Gideon v. Wainwright.…
In today’s society it is very clear that many Americans don’t take the law as serious as it should be. Everyone knows the right from the wrong, and yet they don't really care that they are doing the wrong thing. Frank Trippett explains how Americans are getting in the habit of breaking minor laws because they don’t considered themselves as criminals because the laws they’re breaking aren’t high risk. Many may agree with Trippetts’ argument since every man and woman in society thinks that going above the speed limit won’t get them into jail or throw away a plastic cup at the side of the road isn’t a big deal,but the truth is those simple acts breaks the purpose of keeping everyone safe. Trippett makes an argument with the phrase, “You’re a fool if you obey the rules” to disobey the law and it’s true because teenagers see it something they need to go against, it won’t personally affect them, and they don’t think it’s a big deal.…
As you wait to cross the street, a blind man is standing in front of you. Without warning, he begins to cross the street even though the light has not changed in his favor. He seems to be in no danger until you see a car about a half mile away speeding towards him. Totally unaware of the situation, the man continues walking across the street. As you and many others watch in horror he is struck by the car. Although every single one of you had plenty of time to rescue him, you just watched, hoping that someone else would do it. After all, you don't know him so it's really none of your business. This is what is referred to as "bystander apathy". People close enough to see, hear and possibly touch one another are socially distant and totally indifferent to the fact that another human being may be dying, in immediate danger, or asking for help. This extremely sad urban problem is just that- a problem of cities. The likelihood of this occurring increases with the number of people present and it is probable that there will be many people to witness an event when it happens in high density cities. Urban sociologists, social psychologists, and criminologists have argued for years that the size of cities is directly related to the amount of "social pathology" they contain. The legal consequences are not severe. Unless an individual is a certified medical doctor, they have no obligation in Alberta to help anyone in need. So generally, they don't. The personal consequences may be more severe. Feelings of guilt and regret may follow an event, especially if it ends fatally or if the individual feels that they could have done something significant. Because of this, people attempt to convince themselves and others that they were justified in their inaction because "it wasn't their place", "I didn't want to do it alone", or "I didn't want to get involved." Excuses like this often stem from fears of being seen as abnormal, possible physical harm, public embarrassment, possible…
Gottfredson and Hirschi asked the question, “What is Crime?” and thus began to research the theories associated with crime and what drives people to commit criminal acts. Nearly all crimes, they concluded, are mundane, simple, trivial, easy acts aimed at satisfying desires of the moment. (Schmalleger, 2009) For example, a young child steals a candy bar from the local convenience store, simply because he wants the candy bar; this is not a violent or large- scale criminal act, but is still a violation of the law. The general theory of crime asserts that the operation of a single mechanism low self- control, accounts for “all crime, at all times”; including acts ranging from vandalism to homicide, from rape to white- collar crime. A person’s likelihood to engage in criminal activity or not can supposedly be explained through low self-control, the same way high self-control explains an individual 's tendencies of conforming to social norms and laws. (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) Thus, some people have a lasting tendency to ignore the long term consequences of their behavior. These people tend to be impulsive, reckless, and self- centered. Crime is the end result of their tendencies.(Schmalleger, 2009)…
References: Hinkle, J. C. and Weisburd, D. L. (2006, Nov) "The Irony of Broken Windows: The Relationship Between Disorder, Focused Police Crackdowns and Fear of Crime" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, CA Online Retrieved 2008-04-11 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p125891_index.html…