george orwell

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Dystopia as a literary genre

" " Utopia afraid that they come true "- wrote Berdyaev . Dystopia is closely linked with the utopia - " peace plan of salvation will arbitrarily man" ( Frank C. ) in accordance with the ideal . Historical process in dystopia divided into two segments - the ideal of equality before and after . Between them - a catastrophe , revolution or other break continuity. Hence, a special type of chronotope in dystopia : localization of events in time and space. All events take place after the ( coup , war, disaster, revolution , etc.) and in a particular , limited the rest of the world place. In the dystopian "end of history " is the reference point , the beginning . Dystopia is open to the future, since it demonstrates the effects of socio- utopian transformations. Heldenleben dystopia ultimately subordinated to ritual , and is therefore often the theme of work becomes a hero striving to break this ritual , to destroy , to rebel against him. Conflict of "I" and "we" is typical for any dystopia , for which urgent problem in a lot of personality transformation .

Dystopian literary tradition of the twentieth century , given E. Zamyatin 's novel "We" , in A. Platonov " Chevengur " In Nabokov in " Invitation to a Beheading ," now at the beginning of the new century, significantly corrected. Writers reveal new anti-utopian total consciousness , which became familiar modernity. A. Genis believes that modern writers , " teetering on the brink in the future , render habitable narrow cultural space of the cliff ." In collaboration absurdity and reality , chaos and the new world order , surrealism and kafkianstva born a new style . ( 8.str 34)