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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Chapter 6: ANALYTICAL METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS Sanjib K. Ghosh Professor of Photogrammetry Laval University, Canada Commission VI
6.2 MATHF11ATICAL AND PROCEDURAL CONCEPTS
6.2.1 Fundamentals and Precursors
Abstract: The paper constitutes Chap 6 (analytical methods and instruments concepts and procedures) of the booJ< "History of Photogrammetry" to be published by the ISPRS. Starting with definitions, the fundamentals and precursors, all pre- and post World War II developments are elaborated. This is followed by a broad discussion on more recent advancements, conventional and unconventional. Instrumental developments are discussed with regard to acquisition, processing and presentation of the data. Selected references are appended. Key words: History, Analytical Photogrammetry, Concepts, Procedures, Instruments.
6.1
INTRODUCTION
Development of mathematics as a discipline of logic did not exist before about 1000 B.C. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (-350 B.C.) referred to the process of optical projection of images. Leonardo da Vinci explored the disciplines of optics, geometry and mechanics. In 1492 he demonstrated the principles of optical perspectivity (MacLeish 1977), which provides the foundation of photogrammetry even today. Albrecht Durer (14711528) in 1525 constructed samples of mechanical devices to make true perspective drawings of nature and studio scenes as well as for producing stereoscopic drawings (ASPRS 1980). The German astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1600 gave a precise definition of stereoscopy. Aughtread of England in 1574 developed the first slide rule and soon thereafter John Napier (1550-1617) published tables of logarithms and Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) established the concept of metrology and gave the world a desk calculator. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and Gottfried von Leibnitz (1646-1716) firmly established the concepts of differential and integral calculus. Concepts of inverse central perspective and
Chapter 6: ANALYTICAL METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS Sanjib K. Ghosh Professor of Photogrammetry Laval University, Canada Commission VI
6.2 MATHF11ATICAL AND PROCEDURAL CONCEPTS
6.2.1 Fundamentals and Precursors
Abstract: The paper constitutes Chap 6 (analytical methods and instruments concepts and procedures) of the booJ< "History of Photogrammetry" to be published by the ISPRS. Starting with definitions, the fundamentals and precursors, all pre- and post World War II developments are elaborated. This is followed by a broad discussion on more recent advancements, conventional and unconventional. Instrumental developments are discussed with regard to acquisition, processing and presentation of the data. Selected references are appended. Key words: History, Analytical Photogrammetry, Concepts, Procedures, Instruments.
6.1
INTRODUCTION
Development of mathematics as a discipline of logic did not exist before about 1000 B.C. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (-350 B.C.) referred to the process of optical projection of images. Leonardo da Vinci explored the disciplines of optics, geometry and mechanics. In 1492 he demonstrated the principles of optical perspectivity (MacLeish 1977), which provides the foundation of photogrammetry even today. Albrecht Durer (14711528) in 1525 constructed samples of mechanical devices to make true perspective drawings of nature and studio scenes as well as for producing stereoscopic drawings (ASPRS 1980). The German astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1600 gave a precise definition of stereoscopy. Aughtread of England in 1574 developed the first slide rule and soon thereafter John Napier (1550-1617) published tables of logarithms and Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) established the concept of metrology and gave the world a desk calculator. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and Gottfried von Leibnitz (1646-1716) firmly established the concepts of differential and integral calculus. Concepts of inverse central perspective and
Bibliography: Abbe, E. (1906): p. 207. Gesammelte Abhandlungen 2, Jena, Brown, Duane (1956): The Simultaneous Determination of the Orientation and Lens Distortion of a Photogrammetric Camera (RCAMTP Data Reduction Technical Report W 33, Patrick Air Force Base, Fla 323 Cassinis, Gino and Cunietti, Mariano (1964): Group Study for the Experimental Researches on Blocks of Strips - "Massif Central" - General Reports (ISP Archives, Commission III, 15/5, Lisbon, Portugal) with contributions from: IGN, Paris; A G.B. (1973): Polylateration (Academia Scientiarum Bulgarica; Vol. Vladimiro Hristov; Sofia, Bulgaria). Meter, Edward R. (1962): Automatic Point Identification Marking and Measuring Instrument (PE 28/1). of De Derenyi, Eugene E. (1973) : Orientation Continuous Strip Imagery (PE 39/12). Merritt, Everett (1951): Photogrammetric Control Extension by Analytical Means (US Naval Photographic Interpretation Center Report W 110-51). Merritt, Everett (1958): (Pitman, N.Y.). Analytical Photogrammetry Mikhail, Edward M Okamoto, Atsushi (1981): Orientation and Construction of Models Parts I, II, III (PERS 47/10, 11 and 12). Petrie, G. (1990): instrumentation 45/2). Developments in analytical (ISPRS J. Photo Rem. Sens. Woltring, H.J. (1974): New Possibilities for Human Motion Studies by Realtime Light Spot Position Measurement (Biotelemetry 1). Wong, Kam W. and Elphingstone, G. Aerotriangulation by SAPGO (PE 38/8). (1972): 326 III, Zeiss, Jena (1986): Kompendium Photogrammetrie, Band XVIII