In The Shadow Of The Wounded Knee by Alexandra Fuller is an article which talks about the Wounded Knee tribe, and what historical events against them have led the people left from the tribe, to today. This paper was mostly an interview with Alex White Plume, a 60 year old man who lives near wounded knee creek. Talking about what he lives by, and what he and his tribe have had to overcome.…
As we learned in class, the Pueblo Indians is a specific group of Native Americans found in central New Mexico to northeastern Arizona. The Laguna Pueblo Reservation in found between Albuquerque and Los Alamos, New Mexico. The conflicts between the Pueblos and the whites began in the sixteenth century, when the Spanish decided to settle within the area of the Pueblos. After the Mexican-American war, the United States took control of the area surrounding the reservation. From there, the United States government implemented a “Reservation system, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and government-run schools for Native Americans.” (Native Americans of Southwest: 1). The use of storytelling is used in traditional Native American culture and is portrayed throughout the novel. The author uses the main character, Tayo, to intertwine the stories told by Native Americans into the life that in portrayed in the novel. Ceremony was created to help spread the word about the importance of preserving the Native American culture, and creating an awareness of the cultural hybridity between the Native American traditions and the whites.…
Chapter One, Surrounded by Enemies: The Apache way of life and Geronimo as a young…
The Battle of Little Bighorn was one in a series of conflicts that occurred during the continuous intrusions of whites into the Indians’ sacred lands in the Black Hills. Although both primary sources discuss the tragedy of the battle, “An Eyewitness Account by the Lakota Chief Red Horse” is a more reliable source as it provides specific details of the battle without using emotionally charged words to state opinions. By overstating emotions throughout the article, the author of the…
All through the historical backdrop of the New World, there has been strife between indigenous populaces and approaching pioneers that usurp the land and assets. The uncovered histories and ficticious belief surrounding the Trail of Tears and the victory of the Incas and other local societies reminds us as readers that genocide and ethnic purifying leaves a sign of an awesome misfortune on American…
The Message of Equality Sent to Society in Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave…
The investigation and analysis of Native American warfare has been an important part of ethnohistory and anthropology for many years (Burch 1974; Codere 1950; Lowie 1913; Slobodin 1960; Swadesh 1948; Turney-High 1971). While most early investigations were descriptive (McClellan 1975a, 1975b; Turney-High 1971) or brief footnotes in ethnographies (Birket-Smith and de Laguna 1938), more recent works have attempted to place Native American conflicts in the context of modern anthropological theory (Chagnon 1988; Ferguson 1983, 1984, 1990, 1995; Maschner 1997a; Maschner and Reedy-Maschner 1998; Whitehead 1992). The result of these investigations has been two broad and nearly universal conclusions: that indigenous warfare has existed for thousands of years in the New World (Haas and Creamer 1993; Lambert 1994, 1997; Maschner 1992, 1997a; Maschner and Reedy-Maschner 1998; Mason 1998; Milner et al. [End Page 703] 1991; Wilcox and Haas 1994) and that the nature of that warfare changed dramatically with the expansion of…
The history presented here covers the defeat of the Plains Indians by the US Army, the violent change from nomadic life to life on the reservation, and the death of a culture as we watch it go from a way of life to a Wild West show to be presented in large cities.…
Though sometimes ignored in American history classes, America is built upon stolen land—taken by force from natives and Mexicanos alike. Almost unsurprisingly, I never knew of the true story behind the Alamo or the United States’ expansion westward; I was completely ignorant to the plight faced by the Mexicanos that previously occupied the land of what is now known as Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. Out of all the people outlined, Apolinaria Lorenzana’s story was the most prominent; she, like many other Mexicanos, had her own rightful land taken from her. Left in the ashes of her former prosperity and in the depths of poverty, Lorenzana’s anger at the Anglo-Americans is clear; at the same time, her anger defines what many other…
The Seminole Indians of Florida, written by Clay MacCauley, was a report on the Seminole Indians for the Smithsonian Institution’s Bureau of Ethnology that describes their way of life, customs, traditions, and the environment in which they lived. To be able to answer the question mentioned above, one needs to understand the ways of the natives who lived in the area and their reasons for participating in the conflicts that arose. The second piece is a book written by John and Mary Lou Missall titled, The Seminole Wars: America’s Longest Indian Conflict. John and Mary Lou Missall make use of diaries, military reports, maps, and archival newspapers to provide a well-rounded examination the events of the Seminole Wars as well as earlier instances of confrontation and events that took places afterwards. This book discusses each war in depth, natives coming to terms with the American colonists, disagreements and defiance, aftershock, and remnants of the wars and events that had led to war between these three parties; Seminole, Timucua, and colonist. The third piece is a historiography titled, “From Savages to Sovereigns: A General Historiography of American Indian History,” written by Jeffrey P. Shepherd, Ph.D. It looks at the field of Native American History…
Hurt, shame, humiliation, and pain. The struggle for Indigenous people is a continuous cycle of abuse and one of broken hopes and dreams. In Deborah Miranda’s tribal memoir, Bad Indians, she uses her narrative along with primary sources and related stories to reassess previous knowledge about how the lives of American Indians were affected by colonialism. Through the use of tone, point of view, and counter discourse, Miranda sheds light on how the gender-based violence and sexual abuse that accompanies colonialism, despite the notion that settlers were following Christian ideals, shaped a new Indigenous society that tore their culture apart and led to a mosaic of their broken identities. By creating a distinction between historically dominant…
Crazy Horse is one on the most ambiguous yet legendary leaders in the American Indian history. The book Crazy Horse: A Lakota Life attempts to tell the story of one of the most feared by foes, and honored by allies American Indian leaders. Kingsley M. Bray draws from primary sources and other biographies to construct the tragic sequence of childhood conflict, deception, and misjudgments that shaped the leader’s adulthood affairs and eventually led to his demise. The book reveals a new biography not only in the warrior’s battles, but also the often time overlooked political and religious struggles he faced. It gives a new outlook on the man inside the legend.…
Chief Tecumseh once uttered these words: “When your time comes to die, be not like those whose hearts are filled with fear of death, so that when their time comes they weep and pray for a little more time to live their lives over again in a different way. Sing your death song, and die like a hero going home.” Tecumseh died nearly two hundred years ago, yet his story lives on to inspire and intrigue many. You may wonder: Why was this Indian chief so important to our country’s history? Let’s first explore Tecumseh’s early life which in turn impacted his adulthood and made him one of the greatest Indian chiefs of all time. Tecumseh, one of seven children, was born on March 9, 1768 just outside of present-day Xenia, Ohio. His father, Pucksinwah, was a Shawnee war chief who was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774. Tecumseh was born into the Shawnee Indian tribe, which was located originally in Southern Ohio, West Virginia, and Western Pennsylvania, but is now scattered in South Carolina, Tennessee’s Cumberland Basin, Eastern Pennsylvania and Southern Illinois. When Tecumseh was but a mere child, the Shawnee Indian tribe was displaced by encroaching white settlers and many, including Tecumseh’s mother, relocated first in Indiana, then Illinois, and finally in Missouri. Although Tecumseh was only eleven years of age, he dearly loved the land of his birth and remained to be raised as a warrior by his eldest brother, Cheeksuakalo and sister, Tecumpease. Tecumseh’s first military encounter occurred against an army led by George Rogers Clark into the Ohio Country in 1782. During the battle, Tecumseh became flooded with panic and fled from the battlefield. After this humiliating event, he became determined to never run from a fight again. Quickly afterwards, he grew into a noble warrior and became a Shawnee leader. Some of his battles include the battle against the army of St. Clair in 1791. This time, the Indians in the northwest emerged from the battlefield…
Celane’s retelling of Dewey Beard’s tale of the massacre at Wounded Knee is haunting because of the sheer inhumanity and brutality of it all. Dewey, his family, and approximately 300 other Indians were on a winter trek to Pine Ridge when they met up with the U.S. 7th Cavalry. The cavalry had orders to disarm the Indians but the Indians couldn’t understand the logic behind it. They needed those weapons to feed their families and to protect themselves. The soldiers lulled them into a false sense of security by offering them food and drink. They were starving so they obligingly took it.…
Thesis: Modern Native American traditions reflect the history of struggle, strife and triumph they experienced in history.…