Preview

Gfhghh

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
919 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Gfhghh
Email: sendquestions@tutorsonnet.com Fax: ( 480 ) 247-4440

HOME
ONLINE TUTORING
ASSIGNMENT HELP
GET A QUOTE
TRAINING PROGRAMS
RATES/PRICING
CAREERS
CONTACT US
Modigliani Millar Approach Homework Help, Tutoring
Home > Finance > Capital Structure Theories > Modigliani Millar Approach

Limitations of MM Hypothesis Assignment Help, Tutor Help

Modigliani Millar Approach

Modigliani Millar approach, popularly known as the MM approach is similar to the Net operating income approach. The MM approach favors the Net operating income approach and agrees with the fact that the cost of capital is independent of the degree of leverage and at any mix of debt-equity proportions. The significance of this MM approach is that it provides operational or behavioral justification for constant cost of capital at any degree of leverage. Whereas, the net operating income approach does not provide operational justification for independence of the company's cost of capital.

Basic Propositions of MM approach:

At any degree of leverage, the company's overall cost of capital (ko) and the Value of the firm (V) remains constant. This means that it is independent of the capital structure. The total value can be obtained by capitalizing the operating earnings stream that is expected in future, discounted at an appropriate discount rate suitable for the risk undertaken.

The cost of capital (ke) equals the capitalization rate of a pure equity stream and a premium for financial risk. This is equal to the difference between the pure equity capitalization rate and ki times the debt-equity ratio.

The minimum cut-off rate for the purpose of capital investments is fully independent of the way in which a project is financed.

Assumptions of MM approach:

Capital markets are perfect.

All investors have the same expectation of the company's net operating income for the purpose of evaluating the value of the firm.

Within similar operating environments,

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Best Essays

    Team D1 Case 3

    • 3739 Words
    • 32 Pages

    The Board must seek a strategy that maximizes capital structure value. Any firm’s capital structure is a mix of debt and equity that maximizes the stock price (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2014). Entities finance their operations through debt or its own capital. Debt can exist in many forms such as bond issues or long-term notes payable (loans, credit lines, etc.). Capital (or equity) can be stock or retained earnings. The reasons for using various financing options from each category are numerous. One of the leading factors is risk. Nobody wants risk, but without it there can be no reward. Also, it is important to weigh the value of maintaining the firm’s capital (earned interest) versus the cost of debt (interest paid) and figure in the…

    • 3739 Words
    • 32 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ameritrade Case Write-Up

    • 637 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The cost of capital is the opportunity cost of funds - debt and equity – to the company while undertaking a project. It is used to evaluate new projects of a company as it is the minimum return that investors expect for providing capital to the company, thus setting a benchmark that a new project has to meet. He factors that determine the cost of capital are risk free rate, risk premium and beta asset for the project.…

    • 637 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Every business requires some source of funds to maintain operation and competitive advantages. Whether it’s a manufacturing or servicing firm, it requires financing. Financing sources can be obtained through debt, bond issuance, bank loan, equity, and issuance of preferred and/or common stock. The amount of debt and equity builds the firm's capital structure. The firm's corporate or business strategy is the proportion of capital structure it needs to finance its operation. The combination of debt and equity totals the cost of capital for the firm. The cost of capital is the weighted average of each capital source fund. The cost of capital is known as the, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). The WACC includes many factors as profitability, credit worthiness, debt history, and other finance factors. WACC gives a firm a benchmark to where it should receive any gain. Since firms are continuously trying to improve its infrastructure, business processes, or competitive priorities, WACC is heavily utilized in capital…

    • 1640 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Chapter 15 Mini Case

    • 1679 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The impact of capital structure on value depends on the effect that debt may have on…

    • 1679 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Telus

    • 2843 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Cost of capital is what it will cost the firm, on the margin, today, to secure its financial resources for further growth.…

    • 2843 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nike Cost of Capital Case

    • 2423 Words
    • 10 Pages

    In order to completely analyze Nike and its possible place in the NorthPoint Large-Cap Fund, Ford needs to know Nike’s cost of capital. One of the most useful ways to measure the cost of capital is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Theoretically, the optimal capital structure in the mix of types of financing that produces the lowest WACC. WACC is calculated by multiplying the cost of each type of financing a company uses, be it debt or the many types of equity, by their respective weights. It is the rate of return that a company needs to earn in order to satisfy the returns they have to pay out to debtholders and stockholders. The respective weight of each type of financing is determined by their percentage of total capital.…

    • 2423 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cost of Capital

    • 1840 Words
    • 8 Pages

    COST OF CAPITAL- the rate of return that a firm must earn on the projects in which it invests to maintain its market value and attract funds.…

    • 1840 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Nike Case 14

    • 879 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Cost of capital denotes the opportunity cost of using capital for a particular investment as oppose to the alternative investment which has similar systematic risk. It is extremely important since it is used in evaluating whether a project is feasible or not in the net present value (NPV) analysis, or in assessing the value of an asset.…

    • 879 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    ghghgh

    • 341 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The procedures are: what to do when the fire alarm goes off, letting seniors know when I am not coming into work and reporting an accident at work.…

    • 341 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    ghghh

    • 678 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Peers, I want to talk to you today about a very serious topic that has interested me for a long time, and it could be the most important thing you learn about driving, but may have only been briefly addressed in driver’s education. We have all seen the ads. The driver’s takes his or her eyes off the road, and three seconds, maybe four, the driver’s life is changed forever by a horrible accident. These are hard images to grasp, and the scary thing is that it could happen to absolutely anybody. You need to understand that driving is a substantial responsibility, and if you choose to text while driving, you are putting not only yourself, but other drivers and pedestrians at risk. Our government has been applying patches and palliative to this issue, but it is time for a final decision. As an active member of this liable society, I strongly believe this is a social problem; therefore it is the national government itself that, through its representative institutions, should pass a law at the federal level that states that all cars that traverse the U.S.A have a non-removable microchip, which would neutralize the driver’s phone’s ability to text.…

    • 678 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    As the chief financial officer of a young company with lots of investment opportunities, Eco’s CFO closely monitors the firm’s cost of capital. The CFO keeps tabs on each of the individual costs of Eco’s three main financing sources: long-term debt, preferred stock, and common stock. The target capital structure for ECO is given by the weights in the following table:…

    • 806 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    gfhh uufhh hfh

    • 743 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Phoenix Computer manufactures and sells personal computers directly to customers. Orders are accepted by phone and through the company’s website. Phoenix will be introducing several new laptop models over next few months and management recognizes a need to develop technical support personnel to specialize in the new laptop systems. One option being considered is to hire new employees and put them through a three-month training program. Another option is to put current customer service specialists through a two-month training program on the new laptop models. Phoenix estimates that the need for laptop specialists will grow from 0 to 100 during the month of May through September as follows: May-20, June-30, July – 85, August-85, and September – 100. After September Phoenix expects that maintaining a staff of 100 laptop specialists will be sufficient.…

    • 743 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Leverage Analysis

    • 1541 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Capital structure decisions aims at determining the types of funds a company should seek to finance its investment opportunity and the preparation in which these funds should be raised. The term capital structure is used to represent the proportionate relationship between the various long-term forms of financing such as debentures, long term debts, preference share capital and equity share capital. ‘Leverage’ is the action of a lever or the mechanical advantage gained by it; it also means ‘effectiveness’ or ‘power’. The common interpretation of leverage is derived from the use or manipulation of a tool or device termed as lever, which provides a substantive clue to the meaning and nature of financial leverage.…

    • 1541 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    examples of entrepreneur

    • 1052 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Thus, in the absence of arbitrage, the Return on Investment (RoI) is same regardless of our choice of investment method.…

    • 1052 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    ghgh

    • 2304 Words
    • 10 Pages

    The depiction of smoking in movies and by actors with youth appeal is common. Research evidence strongly suggests that the depiction of smoking in movies is a significant contributor to the uptake of smoking among young people.…

    • 2304 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays