Gliese 436b Research Paper

What is Gliese 436b? Gliese 436b, also known as GJ 436b, is a Neptune-sized exoplanet, a planet that orbits a star outside the solar system, which orbits the red dwarf Gliese 436. Gliese 436b was the first Neptune discovered with certainty in 2007. It was among the smallest known transiting planets in mass and radius, until the much smaller Kepler exoplanet discoveries began in 2010. Gliese 436b was discovered in August 2004 by R. Paul Butler of the Carnegie Institute of Washington. Also, Geoffrey Marcy of University of California, Berkeley, discovered Gliese 436B using the radial velocity method, which is a method that if a star has a planet around it, it is not correct to say that the planet orbits the star. Instead, the planet and the
The planet's surface temperature is 712 K (439 °C). This temperature is higher than expected if the planet were only heated by radiation from its star.Whatever forces, tidal effects deliver to the planet, it does not affect its temperature a lot. A greenhouse effect could raise the temperature to much higher degrees than 520–620 K. Gliese 436b one component was initially thought to be hot "ice" in various exotic high-pressure forms which would remain solid even with the high temperatures, because of the planet's gravity. The planet could have formed further from its current position, as a gas giant, and migrated inwards with the other gas giants. As it arrived at the range, the star would have blown off the planet's hydrogen layer through a coronal mass ejection, a massive burst of gas and magnetic field arising from the solar corona released into the solar wind.
However, when the radius became better known, ice alone was not enough. An outer layer of hydrogen and helium up to ten percent in mass would be needed on top of the ice to account for the observed planet radius. This prevents the need for an ice core. On the other hand, the planet may just be a
Results published in “Nature” suggest that Gliese 436b's dioxide atmosphere is rich in CO, Carbon Monoxide and lacking in methane, a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH₄, by a factor of 7,000. This is unexpected because, based on current models at this temperature, the atmospheric carbon should prefer CH4 over CO. In June 2015, scientists reported that the atmosphere of Gliese 436 b was evaporating causing a giant cloud around the planet because of radiation from the host