globalization

GLOBALISATION
Greeting.
To make it easier for you to follow, our presentation will be devided into 4 parts:
+ in the very first part, we will give you an overview of globalization as well as its origin and development.
+next comes the pros and cons of this worldwide trend.
+then, we will specialize in the Vietnamese economy before and after participating in the international integration
+the final part of our speech will offer you great details of both the economic benefits and challenges that are presented to Vietnam in the global era.
Our presentation should take about 45 minutes. Don’t worry if you can’t absorb all the info cuz we have prepared lots of handouts. And if you have any questions, it will be appreciated if you can leave them till the end of our speech.
So let’s start with the first part.
To begin, I want to raise a simple question.
+What do you think globalization is? *Definition: Globalisation is a process where an increased proportion of economic, social and cultural activity is carried out across national borders.
+The origins and development of globalization.
The historical origins of globalization are the subject of on-going debate. Though several scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era, others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history. To simplify the issue, we can divide the interconnection process into three main periods: archaic globalization, proto-globalisation and modern integration. *archaic globalization: Archaic globalization referred to globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly 1600. Even as early as the Prehistoric period, the roots of modern globalization could be found. Territorial expansion by our ancestors to all five continents as well as the development of argriculture was a critical factor in establishing globalization. An early form of globalized economics and culture existed during the Hellenistic Age, when commercialized urban centers were focused around the axis of Greek culture over a wide range that stretched from India to Spain, with such cities as Alexandria, Athens, and Antioch at its center. Trade was widespread during that period, and it is the first time the idea of a cosmopolitan culture (meaning "world city") emerged. Others have perceived an early form of globalization in the trade links between the Roman Empire, the Parthian Empire, and the Han Dynasty. The increasing articulation of commercial links between these powers inspired the development of the Silk Road (image), which started in western China, reached the boundaries of the Parthian empire, and continued onwards towards Rome. So basically, globalization did emerge long and long ago in its most simple form: the exchange of goods among communities, countries. *proto globalization: The next phase is known as proto-globalization, which was characterized by the rise of maritime European empires, in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Age of Discovery, during which period Europeans explored Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania, brought a broad change in globalization. It began in the late 15th century, when the two Kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula – Portugal and Castile – sent the first exploratory voyages around the Cape of Good Hope and to the Americas, "discovered" in 1492 by Christopher Columbus. Shortly before the turn of the 16th century, Portuguese started establishing trading posts (factories) from Africa to Asia and Brazil, to deal with the trade of local products like gold, spices and timber. Global integration continued with the European colonization of the Americas initiating the Columbian Exchange, the enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves) and culture between the Eastern and Western hemispheres. It was one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. *modern globalization: The 19th century witnessed the advent of globalization approaching its modern form. Industrialization allowed cheap production of household items while rapid population growth created sustained demand for commodities. In the 19th century, steamships reduced the cost of international transport significantly and railroads made inland transport cheaper. The transport revolution occurred some time between 1820 and 1850.[9] More nations embraced international trade. After the Second World War, an agreement by major governments to lay down the framework for international monetary policy and commerce and the founding of several international organization like EU, WTO, UN intended to facilitate economic growth multiple rounds of trade opening did dramatically simplify and lower trade barriers. Trade and globalization have evolved tremendously today. Globalized society offers a complex web of forces and factors that bring people, cultures, markets, beliefs and practices into increasingly greater proximity to one another.
+what stimulate globalization?
1. Technology: in the past 50 years, several improvements in technology have taken place. For example, in transportation technology, containers are used for the transportation of goods. This has led to huge reduction in cost and increase in speed in reaching the markets.
2. Information Technology: Telecommunication facilities - telegraph, mobile phones, fax - are used to contact one another around the world and to comunicate from remote areas. Internet enables us to send instant electronic mail and talk across the world at negligible costs. Now a news magazine published for London readers can be designed and printed in Delhi.
3. Liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investment policy: removing barriers or restrictions set by the govt. is liberalisation. Under liberalisation goods can be exported and imported easily. Foreign companies are allowed to set up factories and offices in other countries. thus liberalisation has enabled MNCs (multi-national corporation) to increase their investments in other countries like India. As a result of greater foreign investment and greater foreign trade, there is greater integration of production and markets across countries. Globalisation is this process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries.
(add image for all 3 factors).