Goals And Structure Of Philippine Education

GOALS AND
STRUCTURE OF
PHILIPPINE
EDUCATION

History of
Education
in the
Philippine
s from
PreSpanish
to Present times • Education during the American
Occupation
• Education during the Philippine
Revolution
• Education during the Spanish Regime
• Education before the coming of
Spaniards

18981935
18961899
15211896
Before
1521

Timeline

• Education under the Philippine Republic
• Education after the World War II
• Education during the Japanese Occupation
• Education during the Philippine
Commonwealth

1946present

19441946
19411944

19351941

Pre- Hispanic Education
Pre- Hispanic education in the Philippines was not formal Education was oral, practical, and hands-on
The objective was basically to promote reverence for, and adoration of Bathala, respect for laws, customs, and authorities represented by parents and elders

When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines they encountered islanders who knew how to read and write. The system of schooling was not hierarchical nor structured, thus there were no grade levels Education in the country was not uniform

Education during the Spanish Regime
=>Instruction was in the dialect =>Education was managed, supervised, and controlled and the friars

The Friars established parochial schools linked with churches to teach catechism to the natives

Major Problems during the
Spanish Regime
Lack of trained teachers

Lack of teachers(150 teachermissionaries to instruct over half a million inhabitants)
Lack of funds, instructional materials, and in many instances school houses

Because of need, higher level schools were established much later by virtue of royal decrees. •Colegios
•Beaterios

• Rhethoric, Logic, Ethics)

• ( Universal, Spanish) •Mathematics(Arithmetic,
Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry)
• (Latin, Spanish grammar and literature, elementary Greek, French and English)

Psychology
Geography
Philosophy
History
Languages

Subjects: Based on the Royal
Decree of 1863

Education System during the
Philippine Revolution
Curricular reforms
Secularization of education
Instruction of Spanish
Greater attention to natural science
The design of a relevant curriculum
Improvement of higher centre of learning
Improvement of educational system

Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars’ method of instruction in his two novels Noli Me Tangere and El filibusterismo 3

1

Lack of pedagogical skills

Disproportionat e focus on religion 2

4

Discourage the attempt of
Filipino students to speak in
Spanish

Irrelevant courses in the curriculum Curriculum:
To improve the existing curriculum,
Rizal considered the ff. subjects as required courses in secondary schools

Science

History

Math

P.E

Language

Religion

Law
Music
Social
Sciences

Graciano- Lopez Jaena“The outstanding cause of the distressed situation of Filipinos today is the anomalous education received by the youth in schools. They learn to read correctly and write gracefully, but they do not learn anything useful because they are not taught any. They are taught how to pray and never go to work”

Philippine Education during the
American Period
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The Americans used education as a vehicle for its program benevolent assimilation
American soldiers were the first teachers
Restore damaged school houses, build new ones and conduct classes
Trained teachers replaced soldiers
Filipinos warmly received their new teachers,
Thomasites
American teachers infused their students the spirit of democracy and progress as well as fair play

•Americans discarded the religious bias
•Educational Act of 1901- Separation of
Church and State in education
•Encourage filipino in the field of teaching
•Outstanding filipino scholars were sent to
US to train as teachers

Curriculum Primary Education
• GMRC
• Civics
• Hygiene and Sanitation
• Geography Intermediate Curriculum
• Grammar and composition
• Reading
• Spelling
• Science courses
• Physiology
• Hygiene and sanitation
• Intensive teaching of geography

•Government established NORMAL

SCHOOL for future teachers
-> Courses include
Methods of teaching, practice teaching, psychology, mathematics, language, science, history and government, social sciences, P.E

•White collar-job bias

Education system during
Philippine
Commonwea lth All schools should develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and vocational efficiency Promote effective participation of the citizens in the processes of a democratic society

Educational Act of 1940“meet the increasing demand for public instruction and at the same time comply with the constitutional mandate on public education”

Japanese Regime
6 basic principles of Japanese Education
1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly relations between Japan and the
Philippines to the farthest extent
2. Foster a new Filipino culture based
3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis of materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the
Philippines
5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course
6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor

Curriculum
School calendar became longer
 No summer vacation for students
 Class size increased to 60
 Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing of american songs, deleted american symbols, poems and pictures
 Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivating love for Japanese culture
 Social Studies




After World War II in 1947, by the virtue of
Executive Order No. 94, the Department of
Instruction was changed to“ Department of
Education." During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
Schools

Educatio n after
1940

• The objective of the Philippine
Education was to established
“integrated, nationalistic, and democracy- inspired educational system” included the ff.
1. Inculcate moral and spiritual values inspired by an abiding faith in God
2. To develop an enlighten, patriotic, useful and upright citizenry in a democratic society
3. Conservation of the national resources 4. Perpetuation of our desirable values
5. Promote the science, arts and letters

Great experiments in the community school and the use of vernacular in the first two grades of the primary schools as the medium of instruction were some of them.
•An experiment worth mentioning that led to a change in the Philippine Educational Philosophy was that of school and community collaboration pioneered by Jose V.Aguilar.


Martial
Law
period

• The Department of Education became the
Department of Education and Culture in 1972, the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978, and with the Education Act of 1982, the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports.
• A bilingual education scheme was established in
1974, requiring Filipino and English to be used in schools.
• Science and math subjects as well as English language and literature classes were taught in
English while the rest were taught in Filipino

From 1986 to the present • The bilingual policy in education was reiterated in the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
• (EDCOM), Congress passed Republic Act
7722 and Republic Act 7796 in 1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA). The institute governing basic education was thus renamed in 2001 as the Department of Education
(DepEd).

Philippine Education Structure


The Philippine education system includes both formal and non-formal education. The formal education is a sequential progression of academic schooling at three levels: elementary (grade school), secondary (high school) and tertiary (college and graduate levels). By structure, Philippine education is categorized either as basic (preschool, elementary and high school) or tertiary
(college, graduate and technical/vocational).

Present
Education
al System of the
Philippine
s

What’s in K+12?


This program will require all incoming students to enrol into two more years of basic education. Thus, the K+12 System will basically include the Universal kindergarten, 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high school with an additional 2 years for senior high school. Moreover, the program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to be easily employed. The program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. Most importantly, the system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be wellprepared especially in emotional and cognitive aspects.
Through this, graduates will be able to face the pressures of their future workplace.

The Goals of the Philippine
Education
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Provide for a broad general education that will assist each individual, in the peculiar ecology of his own society, to
(1) attain his potential as a human being;
(2) enhance the range and quality of individual and group participation in the basic functions of society; and
(3) acquire the essential educational foundation for his development into a productive and versatile citizen:
Train the nation's manpower in the middle level skill required for national development;
Develop the high-level professions that will provide leadership for the nation, advance knowledge through research, and apply new knowledge for improving the quality of human life; and
Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nation through a system of educational planning and evaluation.

Thank You for Listening