Mendoza begins by arguing that Goblin Market is an allegory for female sexuality, drug addiction and the issues surrounding the 19th century labour market. He notes that Christina Rossetti herself stressed that the poem should be read as an independent work and was not allegorical in any way but Mendoza suggests otherwise. It is also noted that the issues of economics and sexual desire are always intertwined in the poem, and that each school of thought is used to help shed light on the dynamics of the other. Mendoza also discusses the idea of fetishism in Goblin Market, particularly in terms of fetishism of the fruit. Mendoza provides historical context for this fetishism, noting that there were issues with harvest during 1859 meaning the purchase of fruit was a luxury. The mystery…
For centuries men have puzzled over the bond of women. Women share a lot in common with each other, not just physically but emotionally. They share their deepest secrets with their best friends, sisters or mother; never telling their husbands or other men in their life. Most men get jealous of their wife’s best friend because the friendship between two women is unlike any other. We see these bonds played out in “L’Amitie: To Mrs. M. Awbrey” by Katherine Philips and “Globlin Market” by Christina Rossetti. The bonds these females have with each other is strong and passionate, sacrificial even, making these alliances virtually indestructible.…
In "Goblin Market", Laura is a young woman enticed by the fruits of goblin men, who were considered taboo by her sister and presumably the community. Laura succumbs to the temptation and eats the fruits that were presented to her by these animalistic goblin men. Laura becomes obsessed with the fruit and her sister, Lizzie, becomes concerned. To break Laura’s obsession, Lizzie goes down to the goblins and rejects the fruit offered to her. The goblin men hit her and insult her until…
Prior to and throughout the late middle ages, women have been portrayed in literature as vile and corrupt. During this time, Christine de Pizan became a well educated woman and counteracted the previous notions of men’s slander against women. With her literary works, Pizan illustrated to her readers and women that though education they can aspire to be something greater than what is written in history. Through the use of real historical examples, Christine de Pizan’s, The Book of the City of Ladies, acts as a defense against the commonly perceived notions of women as immoral.…
Since what seems like the beginning of human civilization, the role of the female has varied from society to society. This role is symbolically represented in The Odyssey by Homer and A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, two of the most famous works of literature, and yet two of the most different. In each book, the author uses a rich variety of symbolism to express themes he finds necessary to enrich the story. In both books, feminine figures are used as symbolism to represent the role of the female in the society of the author.…
The heroine of the novel, Anna Frith is a symbol of hope. She represents the underdog, a character for which has no significant importance in society, but as the story unfolds and her town becomes the breeding ground for a deathly infestation, she rises above her original character, an ordinary maid, and is transformed instead into a hero for her community. Her subservience is illustrated through her selfless act in which she helps Merry Wickford, a young orphaned girl who lost her family to the plague. To prevent Merry from living a ‘bleak future in a poorhouse’, Anna embarks on a dangerous mission to attain the required dose of lead in the Wickford mine. Such an act held many potential dangers, although aware, Anna continued with her pursuit. Described as ‘the one good, perhaps, to come out of [that] terrible year’, Anna is a clear example of how arduous times can make ‘heroes of us’.…
Folklore, modern media, and historical events within the western world have shown us time and time again that women are meant to be the fairer and weaker of the two sexes; while reiterating the idea that men are strong, valiant, and ultimately the saviors of all women. This notion has been used to fortify the difference between the two genders, asserting the claim that women cannot save themselves or each other, and can only find their “happily ever after” with the help of a man. Perrault’s “Cinderella: or The Glass Slipper,” is the story of a mistreated, but kindhearted, girl who eventually marries a prince and goes on to live happily ever after. Within Perrault’s “Cinderella,” women are illustrated as powerful, and are the sole characters that drive the plot. While the male characters within the story remain flat and generally unimportant, therefore challenging the gender dichotomy that has depicted women as demure, and men as being critical in the lives of women.…
Why do we blame Helen’s beauty for the Trojan War or Eve’s curious nature for Adam’s choice to eat the apple, thus beginning the mortal human civilization? Throughout history men have found it convenient to hold women responsible for their own weaknesses and intolerance. The apathy of anti-feminist and conservative movements showcases the reality of the Stockholm syndrome and medieval serfdom. Men have been the captors and the masters of the women for time in antiquity, but we still see empathy in women. Henry Kissinger could not have summarized it any better when he said, “Nobody will ever win the Battle of the Sexes. There is too much fraternizing with the enemy.” Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried is neither about the battle of sexes nor is it a feminist manifesto. The literary inferences, socio-political context, portrayal of various female characters, and their influence on the male characters truly depict changes in the social perception of gender roles, resulting conflict, and their outcome for American society.…
Christina Rossetti’s poem “Goblin Market” published in 1862 depicts sisters, Lizzie and Laura, as goblin men walk past selling their fruits. In the context of this essay, an allegory is meant to be interpreted as an alternative, figurative understanding of the text that lies underneath the literal meaning of the text. Some critics believe “Goblin Market” to be an allegorical attack on the Victorian woman and the society of Rossetti’s time. In this context, the Victorian woman is to be understood as the ideal woman under the societal norms of 19th century England where women were shackled to the domestic sphere and required to remain “pure”, ignorant of all sexuality. However, an alternative allegorical interpretation exists where the poem is understood as a representation of the Judeo-Christian Eden…
From the beginning of time there has been a battle between good and evil. The urges that lie deep within the human spirit can be steered towards things that sustain life or forces that take away from it or take it away entirely. The curiosity to just have a taste of something, even though one has been warned of the potential of an ill outcome, can sometimes be too overwhelming to stave off after a glimpse. This has been the experience of Laura, a young lady in Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market”. Laura is warned by her sister, Lizzie, not to look at the goblins peddling their luscious fruits. In spite of the warning, Laura devours the fruit and is, thereafter, stricken with the obsession to have it. Her sister risks her life by returning to the goblins to get more fruit for her and upon her return, Laura is saved. The author’s devotion to the Anglican Church and the “persistent themes [of religion] in both her poetry and prose” (258) tell readers the true meaning behind this work. This interpretation challenges the work of those critics who have long assumed the symbolism and allegory used in this poem is about capitalism. Others have argued that the poem is literally about food adulteration and still others have seen the poem as a feminist tale with a female hero creation. Rossetti strived to use this poem as a religious guide for her readers. The only valid interpretation is the representation of temptation, the fall, and the redemption of man.…
Introduction First introduced by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Vita Merlini (c.1150), Morgan le Fay occupies an ambivalent position within the Arthurian legend, where she contradictorily acts both as Arthur’s nemesis and caretaker. Yet, she largely disappears from the interim texts until she is “rediscovered” in the late twentieth century, where she becomes “the Morgan of fantasy fiction”. This rediscovery of Morgan le Fay is in accordance with a general trend in contemporary fiction to re-establish women at the centre of Arthuriana. One of the most successful and influential of these retellings is Marion Zimmer Bradley’s fantasy novel The Mists of Avalon (1982), which according to Fries gives “voice to those females who have so long remained mute in Arthurian legend”. Written during the height of Second Wave Feminism, The Mists of Avalon intends to ‘reshape’ and ‘restore’ Morgan back to her rightful place in the Arthurian legend.…
In the texts of ‘The Chrysanthemums’ by John Steinbeck, ‘Folk Hero’ by H.M. Tolcher and ‘Ode to Barbie’ by Romanie Moreton the concept of gender is supported and challenged in a variety of ways. Men are typically portrayed as hard-working, rebellious and fulfilling a job in a male dominated profession. In contrast to this, females are depicted as fragile and emotional, having the role of the housewife. The authors of the following texts have made use of descriptive language, imagery, figurative language and many more to communicate the themes of relationships, betrayal and identity. More so each author represents their perspective of gender, based on stereotypes.…
Lydia Maria Child makes a strong point when she speaks of how men objectify women in literature and base women’s value on how much the women’s beauty appeals to men. The objectification of women that Child speaks out against is quite apparent within the selected paragraph from James Fenimore Cooper’s work The Pioneers. Within just the description of Elizabeth that Cooper narrates from the viewpoint of Remarkable Pettibone, a reader will note the issues that Child mentions.…
In the story the “Goblin Market” expresses the 8 characteristics of romanticism in many forms. One of the strongest emotions inherent in us as humans is desire. The majority of the time, we are unable to control what we crave; however, with practice, we learn not all things we want are necessary. As a result of this mature understanding, we are able to ease our feelings and sometimes even suppress our desires. Something even more mature understands that when we give in to our desires, we become vulnerable. In a harsh, brutal world, vulnerability will not work to our advantage. In Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market,” she writes about a sister who succumbs to her desire and pays dearly for it while the other sister resists her desires and receives the ultimate reward of her sister’s life. By creating such a spectacular tale, Rossetti stresses the importance of being in touch with one’s desires and being able to prevail over their strong hold because in the harsh world we live in, we cannot afford to let our desire get the best of us. Lizzie does not succumb and does not do what the goblin men want her to do. As a result of this refusal, she has the power to bring her sister back to normal and take away her premature aging. Christina Rossetti is conveying the importance of maintaining control over one’s self: if one keeps oneself from becoming vulnerable, resists desires, and chooses the right path, one will remain safe and be rewarded handsomely. Other forms of the characteristics to the “awe of nature” in the work there are many references made to the significance of nature. The references to all of the fruits and animals. Also the use of repetition is prevalent when the Goblins use the phrase “come buy our fruit “respectively. The allure of the market calls to one of the sisters, she is somewhat mesmerized by the act of going to the market. The importance of imagination is also seen in the development of the work; just as described in the awe of nature the…
Irigaray, L. ‘Women on the Market’, in Rifkin, J. And Ryan, M. (eds.) (2004) Literary Theory: An Anthology, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 799-811.…