Gonorrhea Essay

Gonorrhea is a sexual transmitted disease, also called: "Drip" or "Clap." It considered being the 2nd most infectious reported disease in U.S. annually. About only 421,338 new cases of women and men in America were reported last year (2016) according to CDC (but the total estimated affected number exceed 800,000 cases).
Causes of Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea caused through the infection with bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This infection was usually associated with serious effects to the reproductive system in males and females, mucous membranes of eyes, vagina, throat, mouth, urethra, and anus (rectum).

Symptoms of gonorrhea
The symptoms usually start within 2 - 14 days after infection by gonorrhea. These symptoms might not appear on the patient;
in this case, the person was called carrier or transporter. Where, he remains contagious, faster, and wider in spreading the infection. It was found that the symptoms, which appeared on men slightly different from those, appeared on women:
Men:
• There is a greenish, yellow, or white drip like pus discharge from the penis accompanied by redness in it
• Presence of pain, itching and bleeding during defecation.
• Pain or swelling in the scrotum or testicles
• A continued sore throat with difficulty swallowing.
• Urgency or painful urination
• Inflammation of the eye and sensitivity to the light
• Swelling, redness, and arthritis.
Women: The symptoms found to be more difficult to identify in women because it appears like common vaginal bacterial infections.
• Creamy or whitish vaginal discharge.
• Painful sensation during urinating
• Fever.
• Painful coitus and bleeding after it.
• Pelvic and lower abdomen pain accompanied by vomiting
• Vulvar swelling
• Inflammation of the eye and sensitivity to the light
• Swelling, redness, and arthritis.
Mode of transmission
Gonorrheal infection was passed during the unprotected sexual contact with any infected human, which involved mouth, vagina, penis, or anus.
In addition, it found that the embryo could be affected from his infected mother during delivery. It was noticed that ejaculation is not required for the transmission of gonorrhea. The high and active sexually people were found to be at highest risk of Gonorrheal especially who do not use condom.
Relevant diagnostic tests
After appearing the symptoms of the disease on the affected person, all necessary tests should be performed to diagnose the infection. These tests include urine sample analysis (for detection of DNA or bacterial genes) or a swab from the affected area (for making laboratory cultures of the bacteria). Swabs were taken from the urethra, penis, anus, cervix, and throat. Gene testing method considered being the most accurate way to diagnose the disease.
Treatment (Treatment for gonorrhea)
After confirming the infection of gonorrhea, the infected person and his partner are subject to immediate treatment, which includes:
• Antibiotics, The most common treatment for gonorrhea, in spite of the emergence of drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea make treatment difficult. Treatment is a single dose of oral azithromycin or a Ceftriaxone injection taken in the
buttocks.
• Abstaining from any sexual coitus during the treatment period to prevent appearance of any complications or spread of infection.
For pregnant women with gonorrhea, the infant was given an eye ointment to prevent transmission of gonorrhea and may need antibiotics if the infection develops. Treatment is very important, because dangerous complications - including ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease - could be occurred if the infection was left untreated.

Morbidity Data for: Gonorrhea During Year: 2016
Week Cumulative Totals By Week Year 2016 4-Week Totals Year 2016 Incidence Values Year 2016 Week Cumulative Totals By Week Year 2016 4-Week Totals Year 2016 Incidence Values Year 2016
1 3,871 21,682 6.6 X 10-5 29 218,669 33,324 1.01 X 10-4
2 9,159 30 225,581
3 15,619 31 235,133
4 21,682 32 243,243
5 28,555 27,320 8.31 X 10-5 33 254,237 36,152 1.10 X 10-4
6 35,856 34 263,265
7 43,162 35 270,806
8 49,002 36 279,395
9 59,435 32,219 9.80 X 10-5 37 288,309 36,808 1.12 X 10-4
10 67,354 38 299,431
11 74,691 39 307,216
12 81,221 40 316,203
13 89,819 35,409 1.08 X 10-4 41 325,163 37,016 1.13 X 10-4
14 97,532 42 333,043
15 104,771 43 341,157
16 116,630 44 353,219
17 125,193 31,149 9.48 X 10-5 45 362,377 31,198 9.49 X 10-5
18 132,609 46 367,086
19 141,428 47 375,333
20 147,779 48 384,417
21 154,202 30,600 9.31 X 10-5 49 394,854 36,921 1.12 X 10-4
22 162,649 50 405,273
23 170,595 51 412,754
24 178,379 52 421,338
25 186,758 31,540 9.60 X 10-5
26 194,329
27 202,502
28 209,919

U.S. Population on Jan. 1st, 2016 = 328,677,531 Total Year Cases = 421,338
Total Incidence Values for Year 2016 = 1.28 X 10-3 (128 cases / 100,000 people)