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Introduction
International social responsibility has benefits like goodwill, attractiveness, and royalty of various stakeholders (government, suppliers, employees, and brand reputation like consumers) connected with the company. There are challenges on how the companies operating abroad should behave in the host countries. Moral universalism is used to address these situations. Ethnocentric is an approach applied by a company in its home country regardless of the host country’s system of ethics while ethical relativism adopts the local code of ethics in whatever country it is operating. MNC on human rights was discussed by former president Bill Clinton which includes a ban on forced labor, abuse, discrimination, a company to provide a healthy and safe work environment, and to pay at least the prevailing local wage. One of the Electronic Industries Code of Conduct (IECC) which comprises of Hewlett, Dell, IBM, Intel, and other companies has agreed to the following policies:
* Banning of the forced and child labor and excessive overtime. * Requiring the contract manufacturer to follow some basic environmental requirements. * A company must audit its overseas suppliers.
Codes of Ethics * Provide a safe working environment. * Do not use a child or faced labor. * Do not regularly require more than 48-hour work weeks. * Pay the wages sufficient to meet the workers’ basic needs. * The international code of conduct is composed of International Chamber of Commerce, the Organization for Cooperation and Development, The International Labor Organization, and the United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations.
Ethics in Global Management
Globalization has increased the ethical issues facing organizations. Attitudes toward ethics are rooted in the culture and business ethics. Ethics has not yet globalized in most of the