The word "Gothic" has ben variously defined and interpreteted by various writer. Leslie Fielder says that Gothic shoddy mystery-mongerine, whereas F. Gunworth Fields defines the Gothic tradition, as a literary exploration of avenues to death. The editions of "The Reader's Companion to World Literature" consider the Gothic novel as a novel of horror based on supernatural.
Montague summers maintains; Gothic was the essence of romanticism, and romanticism was the literary expression of supernaturalism. Gothic fiction was a profound reaction against the long domination of reason and authority. The Gothic served to break the classical and rational order of life, to possible kind of response, and a response a kind of thing, that had long been taboo. Gothic novelist enlarged the sense of reality its impact on the human being.
Gothic novels are novels are novels of terror and mystery, a peculier product of eighteenth century. Gothic fiction has a resemblance to the Gothic architecture. The weird eerie atmosphere of Gothic fiction was derived from the Gothic architecture which evoked feelings of horror, wildness and suspense.
Horace Walpole is the father of Gothic novel, the novel of terror and mystery. His "The Castle of Otranto" sets the trend. There is all the paraphernalia of terror and villainy in it, such as the ghost, the haunted castle, the villain etc. It is a terror novel in which we have walking skeletons, pictures that move out of the frames and blood-curdling incidents.
Mrs. Ann Radcliffe continued the tradition established by Walpol. She is the author of number of terror novel in which the terror seems to be very real and it raises intense excitement and suspense as to the future course of events. She is an adapt in chilling the spine and raising tge hair and coleridge describes her novel "The Mystery of Udalpho" is the most enchanting novel.
Monk Lewis; Mathew Gregory Lewis was nicknamed "Monk Lewis"on account of Gothic romance