As a boy, Pinckney witnessed firsthand the close relationship between the colonial elite and the British. His father was the colony's chief justice and also served as a member of its Royal Council; his mother was famous in her own right for introducing the cultivation of indigo, which rapidly became a major cash crop in South Carolina. In 1753 the family moved to London where the elder Pinckney served as the colony's agent, in effect, as a lobbyist protecting colonial interests in political and commercial matters. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney enrolled in the famous Westminster preparatory school, and he�with his brother Thomas�remained in England to complete his education when the family returned to America in 1758. After graduating from Christ…
The ANZAC Legend was formed by the Gallipoli campaign, mounted on the 25th of April 1915. This is a date well remembered by most Australians, but for what reasons? Do they think of “that guy with the donkey “or “ANZAC biscuits “or do they think: endurance, courage, resourcefulness, good humour, larrikinism, egalitarianism and of course, mateship. Words describing our soldiers that have been synonymous with the ANZAC Legend since its inception. There is absolutely no doubt the Australian soldiers were brave but the harsh truth of the tragic ANZAC campaign has been glossed over by mythology and propaganda. Is this disaster of failed military tactics and loss of thousands of brave men really something to glorify or was the legend just a way to cover up military errors, console grieving families and create propaganda to enlist more soldiers?…
Noel Pearson’s ‘An Australian History for us all’ discusses his approach to trying to solve some of the most systemic problems facing Australian Aboriginals today. Through the uses of various language techniques and context, Pearson’s speech details the struggles of the relationship between the first European settlers and Aboriginal Australians.…
Noel Pearson, one of Australia’s most influential Aboriginal leaders, delivered his speech to a highly distinguished academic audience at a time when Australia was struggling with “moral and political turbulence” regarding “guilt about Australia’s colonial history”. Pearson expresses his own thoughts on Aboriginal reconciliation and the necessary steps that need to…
18Between the years 1788-1850 Australia was re-discovered, colonized and faced many fights between the natives of Australia and the British. Disease, communication barriers, land rights, food supply, cultural clashes and wars between the British and the natives played a major role in the resistance between the naives and the British for the first 60 years of colonization(1). The English sent over 162,000 convicts to Australia in 806 ships. The first eleven of these ships are today known as the First Fleet and contained the convicts and marines that are now acknowledged as the Founders of Australia. The first fleets’ arrival on Australian shores consisted of 11 ships, 717 convicts, women and children, livestock, rum, pork supplies and equipment.(2). Its arrival brought an end to the occupation of the land by Aboriginal people as they had traditionally lived. The diaries and journals of the First Fleet provide descriptions of the locals as "native", "primitive", "barbaric" and even "stupid". There were many violent acts of resistance, as Aboriginal people took a stand against the occupation of their land and the destruction of their social, religious, legal and communal systems. Some Aboriginal people soon become afraid of entering Sydney Town because of the threat of gunshot wounds and death. There had been many wounded and killed and other encounters known of in the bush because Aborigines were present wherever farmers went and they always resisted the taking over of their land.…
Noel Pearson’s “An Australian History for us all” in late 1996, emphasises the significance of context, audience and purpose in determining a speech. Pearson’s speech challenges PM Howard’s reluctance to apologise for the past colonial mistreatment of Australia’s indigenous- at a University Club dinner. “I fear that I am in danger of indulging in agonising navel- gazing about who we are.” Pearson’s piercing sarcasm and antagonising tone satirises that those who seek reconciliation and who do not share the same “black armband view” of Aboriginal history as Howard, are publicly seen as culturally over- indulging and self-absorbed. The speaker further contrasts popular perceptions in Australian culture- where he describes those who believe “the victims should get over it,” and those who are “willing to alleviate your present condition.” Pearson effectively contrasts both groups in society to reflect the moral infidelities of the former group in the modern context. Pearson’s aggressive tone and wide vocabulary lulls his well-informed, educated…
Noel Pearson’s speech, ‘An Australian History for us All,’ explores the divides between our community and the issues that prevent us as a nation from achieving reconciliation. Ultimately, throughout his exordium Pearson is excessively humble, ‘it is my honour to have been invited… Alas, I cannot promise my teacher’s rigour ,’ this diminution of his prominent political position equalises Pearson with his audience. He successfully characterises himself as being selflessly modest, a successful tool in capturing our attention, his choice to do this in the exordium is also an example of kairos, his appealing attitude is naturally attractive, guaranteeing our fixated attention throughout the duration of his speech. Pearson additionally employs a variety of quotes to both enforce his credibility and portray society’s ignorant attitude towards reconciliation. We see this when he quotes Professor Bill Stanner, the ‘Great Australian Silence,’ becomes a metaphor of our refusal to address the Aboriginal struggle on a national level, objectifying the Australian nation as absent minded. Furthermore, Pearson makes noticeable appeals to pathos and logos, encouraging an emotional and logical response identifiable by all of us. Pearson in his battle for reconciliation, provides syllogistic reasoning and structure on solving the inherent ‘guilt’ issue, ‘it is not about guilt. It is about opening our hearts a little bit… and to have an open and generous heart…means that when you acknowledge the wrongs of the past, you might try to do so ungrudgingly… there must be some respect for that.’ Additionally, the inclusive pronouns that Pearson employs in this statement make his proposed solution exclusive, applying to both indigenous and non indigenous peoples as such he unites his audience, generating logos through the universal nature and structural flow of his statement. Additionally, Pearson goes on to compare the reasoning he provides to the internationally notorious issue of Jewish…
In the early days of the European settlement of Australia, especially during the 1800’s, it was common for large numbers of Aboriginal people (men, women and children) to be massacred by the white settlers, including by police and soldiers. Most of these were not reported and were known to only a few people. Therefore, there was no action taken to punish the offenders and indeed, there was approval from most white settlers and government officials for this to continue to happen. The Myall Creek massacre in 1838 proved to be a turning point in such attitudes.…
Ever since the first convicts, Australia became a great recognition of multiculturalism, most people support the different races among the Australian culture. All though there was a fall out with the way aboriginals in Australia were treated we brought out our…
The Colonial Australian society of the 1850’s was the beginning of a new start for many settlers and immigrants; when Gold was discovered in 1851. With the word “Gold” in Australia, ex-convicts, European settlers and Chinese immigrants came to seek riches on the gold fields. The hostilities grew between police officers, diggers. Frustration grew once more when in August 1851 a licence to dig gold was issued. The licence was made of paper and very fragile and was easy to wreck. Europeans became jealous of the progress of the Chinese and were annoyed with their language and decided to act. Ex-convicts becoming Police officers treating the diggers crudely. The “Eureka Stockade” was the digger’s rebellion against the gold licence and wrongfully accused.…
While Pearson’s speech was delivered at an academic gathering, Bandler had a more mixed audience including mainly Indigenous peoples and politicians, both supporting and opposing additional rights for aboriginal people. Pearson’s and Bandler’s speeches were both written in the 1990s, a contentious and heated time in relation ind issues. Pearson’s speech, in particular, was a response to the changing attitudes of the newly elected Howard government in 1996, who took the view that present day Australians shouldn’t feel responsible for the past injustices done to the aborigines- a different view from the previous Keating government. Bandler’s speech was a response to the entire Australian population’s inability to accept the guilt of the past, which she felt was hindering the progress of reconciliation between Aborigines and Europeans. Both Pearson, a high profile indigenous activist, and Bandler, a highly respected civil rights activist, gave their speeches in an attempt to take a step forward in the quest to conquer the differences between aborigines and other Australians and explore the ways the country as a whole could move forward from the horrible past.…
The treatment of Indigenous Australians by the government has been an issue of controversy since White Europeans settled in Australia. Throughout history Aboriginals have developed and hosted many protests, sometimes with the help of the White Europeans that wanted to make a difference to get back rights and freedoms of Aboriginals.…
From the time that Europeans landed in Australia ‘Pastoralists were pushing into Indigenous territory, robbing Aboriginal people of the land they had lived on and nurtured for thousands of years. ‘But Aboriginal communities did not just stand by as the land which they had formed rich bonds with, both spiritually and physically, was taken from their hands. Through a mixture of fear and hatred of the Aboriginals, European settlers engaged in many brutal clashes with them to attempt to seize their land. The Myall Creek massacre and the genocide that occurred in Van Diemens land are two prominent examples of the vicious and inhumane treatment of Aboriginals and the story of Pemulwuy is a reminder of the courage shown that was shown in adversity by many Aboriginal people.…
In 1788 before the first fleet arrived there were over 500 Aboriginal tribes or nations in Australia all in which had efficient and sustainable systems for living off the land. They achieved a balanced diet by hunting and gathering, they moved seasonally between camps depending on food supplies, had very sophisticated social relationships and trading links across Australia. This was all taken away from them without notice by the British invaders. In 1770 captain cook declared Australia to be ‘terra nullius’ meaning ‘no man’s land’ or ‘land belonging to no-one’ so that he could claim Australia to Brittan. When the first fleet arrived in 1788 the aboriginal people had no idea what was going on and they believed the British people to be ‘ghosts’, because they had never seen white people before. The aboriginals were kind and friendly to the British because they thought they were just visitors, but little did they know that 200 years down the track those ‘ghosts’ would have taken over the whole country. Contact between the locals and the Europeans was disastrous for the Aboriginal people, they brought diseases such as smallpox, colds, the flu and measles, these were fatal as the indigenous Australians had no resistance to such introduced diseases, so therefore these diseases plagued native populations. The Brittan population that were living in Australia at the time would take whatever land they liked pushing away all the aboriginals using forceful weapons which the…
The European invasion of Australia in 1780 impacted upon the lives of all the Aboriginal people that lived in and around the invaded areas. When Captain Cook landed in Australia, he declared it as Terra Nullius, and this alone gives a significant insight as to the mentality of the British and their willingness to acknowledge the Aboriginal people and the importance that the land played in their daily lives. As the invaders brought with them their laws, ideals, diseases, livestock and people, the need for land increased and settlers began to venture outwards from the main settlements, the frontier broadened and the Aboriginal population began to shrink. The encroachment upon the land meant that many Aboriginal people were now being forced to come into closer contact with the Europeans. In doing this, the frontier affected the Aboriginal people in ways that ensured that their lives would never be the same and that European ideals affected their lives not only on the frontier but for generations too follow. The invasion of the Australian frontier affected areas in Aboriginal lives such as dispossession, disease, large-scale violence, which led to resistance.…