The Present Perfect Tense
Form:
Affirmative: I/ You/ We/ They _____ have lived in Alexandria. He/ She/ It _______ has lived in Alexandria.
Negative: I/ You/ We/ They _____ have not{haven't} lived… He/ She/ It __________ has not{hasn't} lived…..
Question: Have I/ you/ we/ they lived ……..? Has he/ she/ it lived ……..?
Usage: Something happened in the past tense, but it has a relation to the present tense. In other words, it means something happened in the past and still continues till now.
Indicators: Since/ for/ just/ yet/ ever/ never/ lately/ recently/ so far.
Examples: @ He has learned English since 2000. @ He has learned English for 6 years. @ He has just left the house. @ Ali has already done his homework. @ I haven't done my homework yet. @ Have you done your homework yet? @ Have you ever seen this strange animal? @ I have never seen this strange animal. @ This is the most beautiful picture I have ever seen. @ Has he visited Paris recently? @ He hasn't visited London lately.
Note the difference: $ I have lived in Alex for six years. $ I lived in Alex for six years. Answer: …………………………………………………………………... $ Naguib Mahfouz has written many novels. $ Shakespeare wrote many plays.
Answer:
………………………………………………………………….. $ They have been to Luxor. $ They have gone to Luxor.
Answer:
…………………………………………………………………...
Note these sentences: # He began to learn English seven years ago. {use: for} He has learnt English for seven years. # I last played football when I was on holiday. {use: since} I haven't played football since I was on holiday. #