Ground Water
GROUND WATER
THE WATER/HYDROLOGIC CYCLE * Composed of evaporation from the oceans * Movements of moist air inland * Condensation and precipitation * Run-off on the surface or sub-surface back to the ocean * Plus additional minor cycles * Involves the exchange of water with the atmosphere, the earth, and the different water forms * Done when clouds gain water vapor from the various water forms * Evaporation – process where water turns into steam or gas when the temperature is hot * Condensation – water vapor goes into the air and into the clouds where it turns into water again * Water precipitation follows; the cycle will go back to the beginning and repeat its process
SUBSURFACE WATER
- All of the water occupying pore spaces below the ground surface * Vadose zone or zone of aeration –pore spaces are filled partly with water, partly with air * Water table – where the saturated zone is not at all confined by overlying impermeable rocks * Zone of saturation – zone of rock or soil that is water saturated, in which water fills all the accessible pore spaces * True ground water – water in the zone of saturation
GROUND WATER * Found at most a few kilometers from the crust * Flows laterally through permeable soil and rock, * From higher elevations to lower, * From areas of abundant infiltration to drier ones, * Or from places of little ground water use towards places of heavy use * Largest reservoir of unfrozen fresh water in the hydrologic cycle Parts of the Hydrosphere | % of total water | % of fresh water | % of unfrozen freshwater | Oceans | 97.54 | - | - | Ice glaciers | 1.81 | 73.9 | - | Ground Water | 0.63 | 25.7 | 98.4 | Streams and lakes: | | | | fresh | 0.009 | 0.36 | 1.4 | salt | 0.007 | - | - | Water vapor (atmosphere) | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.2 | Total | 99.997 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
3 SOURCES OF GROUND WATER a) Meteoric
THE WATER/HYDROLOGIC CYCLE * Composed of evaporation from the oceans * Movements of moist air inland * Condensation and precipitation * Run-off on the surface or sub-surface back to the ocean * Plus additional minor cycles * Involves the exchange of water with the atmosphere, the earth, and the different water forms * Done when clouds gain water vapor from the various water forms * Evaporation – process where water turns into steam or gas when the temperature is hot * Condensation – water vapor goes into the air and into the clouds where it turns into water again * Water precipitation follows; the cycle will go back to the beginning and repeat its process
SUBSURFACE WATER
- All of the water occupying pore spaces below the ground surface * Vadose zone or zone of aeration –pore spaces are filled partly with water, partly with air * Water table – where the saturated zone is not at all confined by overlying impermeable rocks * Zone of saturation – zone of rock or soil that is water saturated, in which water fills all the accessible pore spaces * True ground water – water in the zone of saturation
GROUND WATER * Found at most a few kilometers from the crust * Flows laterally through permeable soil and rock, * From higher elevations to lower, * From areas of abundant infiltration to drier ones, * Or from places of little ground water use towards places of heavy use * Largest reservoir of unfrozen fresh water in the hydrologic cycle Parts of the Hydrosphere | % of total water | % of fresh water | % of unfrozen freshwater | Oceans | 97.54 | - | - | Ice glaciers | 1.81 | 73.9 | - | Ground Water | 0.63 | 25.7 | 98.4 | Streams and lakes: | | | | fresh | 0.009 | 0.36 | 1.4 | salt | 0.007 | - | - | Water vapor (atmosphere) | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.2 | Total | 99.997 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
3 SOURCES OF GROUND WATER a) Meteoric