There is a whole range of different substances and they all create different effects. Substances fit into three different categories, with more than one category fitting some substances. The three categories are: Stimulants, Depressants and Hallucinogens. I will proceed to list the main substances, their effects, how they are taken and the category they fit into:…
The effects from Psilocybin Mushrooms come from psilocybin and psilocin. When the psilocybin is ingested, it is broken down to produce psilocin, which is responsible for the psychedelic effects. Psilocybin and psilocin mixed together create a short-term increase in tolerance of users, thus making it difficult to abuse them because the more often they are taken within short period of time, the weaker the resultant effects are. Psilocybin mushrooms have not been known to cause physical or physiological dependence (addiction).…
Hallucinations- false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.…
Hallucinogens include drugs that are fascinating yet have alarming effects on a user. According to Gaines and Kremling (2014), “In contrast to antidepressants that make the neurotransmitter serotonin linger in the gaps between brain cells, hallucinogens push the serotonin system into overdrive. Hallucinogens amplify signals from a person’s sensory perception, distorting form and size. Users often talk about “seeing sounds,” or “hearing visual stimuli” (p. 129-130).” Hallucinogens are unlike many drugs for reasons that will be discussed in this paper. The main focus of this research paper will be on the hallucinogen called phencyclidine, or PCP.…
It was known that the most common cause of psychosis is the mental health condition or the misuse of drug and alcohol. Psychoactive drug like marijuana is also recognised as the main cause of psychosis. In fact, the chemical Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinil (THC) is the main agent that interferes with the normal functioning of the brain and causes intoxication (Enclycopedia of Mental Disorders, 2011). It generally induces a feeling of relaxation, loss of self-consciousness and decrease concentration, makes more talkative, generates confused state of mind and coordination, and reduce the ability to remember(NCIPC, 2009) .Therefore the condition generated by the use of drug is called “drug- induced psychosis”. It was known that the symptoms mainly occur quickly and last for few days until the effect of drug disappears, except for the people who already have psychotic illness and may have severe symptoms. (Drug information online,…
In this paper I will discuss the details the classification of narcotic drugs in criminal law, forensic evidence needed to obtain a conviction in a drug case.…
Permanent effects of taking hallucinogens occur in the prefrontal cortex. Our prefrontal cortex is used for a variety of complex behaviours, including planning, and greatly contributes to personality development. Hallucinogens cause disorganization of a person's capacity to recognize reality. Ingesting a hallucinogenic drug causes the user to see and hear things that don’t even exist. When on these drugs the experiences are often unpredictable and the user's personality , mood, and surroundings can be altered. Taking LSD can actually increase your blood pressure. So same as before, taking a hallucinogenic drug in some cases can make you lose a sense of reality and can cause someone to have extreme anxiety and…
Methamphetamine is a drug that has been around or decades. Stated by Montgomerycountytn.org, begging in 1887 meth, which was not called meth yet, was used developed a cure for diseases by Lazar Edelen from Germany. Around 1893 Methamphetamine was synthesized by a chemist the name of Nagayoshi Nagi. Years Later in 1919 a Japanese chemist Akira Ogata turned meth into a crystallized form giving it the named crystal meth. Ogata was able to do this by reduction of ephedrine using iodine. When they first invented methamphetamine it did not have a use. Nor a particular medical condition disease by the 1920's they started trying the drug everything from depression to the common cold. One of the earliest uses of methamphetamine occurred during world…
Methamphetamine is a very powerful and addicting narcotic. Though it is a Scheduled 2 narcotic; it is readily availability on the streets for a considerably cheap price. An addiction to methamphetamine can totally disassociate a person from his or her everyday life.…
Hallucinogens act on neural points of the brain and create effects that alter perception of individuals. The dominant impacts that are produced involve mood swings, cognitive effects and perception- changing consequences. The drugs act on serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter. It also affects other areas of the brain that monitor arousal and psychological response to stress. There are several short- term and long term impacts of hallucinogens. Short- term impacts include altering vision, difficulty in hearing and development of artificial sensation that are unreal but appear to be real. The effects of hallucinogens begin within 20 minutes of consumption and last for nearly half the day. Drugs like LSD greatly affect a…
LSD, which is short for Lysergic acid diethylamide, is an example of a popular hallucinogenic drug. Research has shown that LSD leads to an “increase in brain activity, which causes the overactive imagination that many users report (Olsen).” Specifically, the increase in brain activity is caused by LSD’s ability to manipulate the chemical receptors, called serotonin receptors, in the frontal cortex of the brain. This region of the brain is responsible for controlling the human’s actions and impulses, and as a result, a hyperactive frontal cortex leads to hallucinations and “indescribable images and emotions (Olsen).” However, LSD “is also infamously known for its ‘bad trips’ which give some users feelings of panic, confusion, sadness, and scary images (Olsen).” Additionally, it is impossible to predict whether one will experience a ‘good trip’ or a ‘bad trip’. It can be concluded that most psychedelic drugs alters one’s senses and his or her ability to perceive…
While it is true that opioids provide some type of pain relief after an operation or an injury, one of the reasons opioids have become such a big challenge for current treatment programs is because of the fatal side effects they cause. It has been reported that death tolls have increased due to overdose. Recovery from chronic pain is also less likely to occur. Moreover, Gounder explains the side effects of such prescribed narcotics include “constipation, sexual dysfunction, cognitive impairment, addiction, and overdosing.” Constant intake of narcotics can also lead a person to become more sensitive to the pain, which is known as hyperalgesia. Gounder also explains that medications don’t fully work to relive pain. There’s also no proper evidence…
Another drug that is used less commonly than marijuana is LSD or ‘acid’. LSD is a tab of small square sheet of paper that is put in your mouth, under your tongue or in a drink (Yan, H., Zhou, S., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Deng, C., Qi, H., & Li, F. 2016). Although it is small, it is much more dangerous than most other drugs. The hallucinogens that this one tab can cause can mentally scar a person or make them paranoid forever. The effects of this drug is widely known and is still being abused by people.…
“Native American shamans in the Southwestern United States who eat hallucinogenic peyote cactus buds in order to have spiritual visions” (Piers et al. par. 13). Cactus bud is just one example of drugs shamans use. The most common drug they use is tobacco and alcohol. Since it is found naturally where they live, shamans bring the drugs from the natural area for the ritual. Shamans strictly use drugs for rituals, they do not use drugs for their own personal preferences or recreation. Since shamans believe that spirits possess objects or spaces, the drugs are not tools to go into a state of consciousness but the spirits themselves enter the shaman’s body. When shamans ingest the drugs into their body, they believe they are using the spirit’s power to travel to the spirit world or the spirit takes over their body. Traveling to the spirt world is very dangerous and can impact them physically or…
It is most often insufflated producing strong visual and out of body experiences. It acts very rapidly producing very strong and profound effects on the user (depending on dosage). Users often report what is referred to as ‘the k-hole’ where on taking large doses of the drug, one’s mind becomes ‘dissociated’ from the body resulting in very powerful and personal hallucinations, not just visual however like other hallucinogens such as LSD. When in a ‘k-hole’ the user can be unaware of their own existence, often forgetting where they are, what they are, and experiencing complete mental detachment from the…