Hamlet, a Tragedy of Failure

Hamlet: Tragedy of Failure

William Shakespeare's, Hamlet is a tragedy of failure, the failure of a man placed in circumstances and faced to deal with them successfully. In some ways, Hamlet reminds us of Brutus in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Hamlet and Brutus are both good men who live in trying times; both are intellectual, even philosophical; both men want to do the right thing; both men intellectualize over what the right thing is; neither man yields to passion. But here the comparison ends, for though both Brutus and Hamlet reflect at length over the need to act, Brutus is able immediately to act while Hamlet is not. Hamlet is stuck thinking too precisely on th' event-. Hamlet's father, the king of Denmark, has died suddenly. The dead king's brother,Claudius, marries Hamlet's mother and swiftly assumes the throne, a throne that Hamlet fully expected would be his upon the death of his father. Hamlet's father's ghost confronts Hamlet and tells him that his death was not natural, as reported, but instead was murder. Hamlet swears revenge. But rather than swoop instantly to that revenge, Hamlet pretends to be insane in order to mask an investigation of the accusation brought by his father's ghost. Why Hamlet puts on this antic disposition and delays in killing Claudius is the central question of the play. But Hamlet did not swear to his dead father that he, detective-like, would investigate. Hamlet swore revenge. And he has more than enough motivation to exact revenge. Does it not, think thee, stand me now upon- He that hath killed my king, and whored my mother; Popped in between th' election and my hopes, Thrown out his angle for my proper life, And with such cozenage-is't not perfect conscience To quit him with this arm? And is't not to be damned To let this canker of our nature come In further evil? (Act 5, scene 2 . . . to Horatio) Yet he delays. It is this delay in performing the act he has sworn to accomplish which leads to Hamlet's death. The poison on the tip of Laertes' sword is but a metaphor for the poison of procrastination which has been coursing through Hamlet's system throughout the play. Hamlet's thoughts focus upon death rather than upon action. His words show an intense longing for death: O that this too too solid flesh would melt Thaw and resolve itself into a dew, Or that the everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter. (Act I, scene 2) In Act 3, Scene 1 Hamlet restates this theme: To be, or not to be, that is the question- The answer eludes Hamlet throughout the play, perhaps because it is the wrong question. Hamlet is alive and to be alive means 'to do,' not merely to be. It is his inability to 'do,' his tendency to reflect rather than to act which poisons Hamlet's resolve and causes his tragic death.

Shakespeare uses different techniques to develop the characters in Hamlet.
Throughout the play dramatic irony is used by allowing the audience to view the true actions of the characters before the characters disclose them. Shakespeare toys with the idea of appearances versus reality in the play, among these are Claudius, the play within the play, and Rosencrantz and Guildernstern. Hamlet's father, the king of Denmark, has suddenly died. Claudius, Hamlet's uncle, hastily marries Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and more importantly they become the new king and queen. King Claudius is viewed as legitimately gaining control of the throne by everyone except Hamlet.
Hamlet knows that there is "something rotten in the state of Denmark." His belief is verified when the guards inform him of a ghostly figure with close resemblance to the late king. The ghost reveals to Hamlet that while in the garden, Claudius poured poison in his ear. Claudius prays to be forgiven but his prayers are not sincere. Claudius, overcome with guilt, would prefer to keep his status then reveal what he did to King Hamlet. The play within the play is useful because it allows Hamlet to verify the validity of the ghost. Usually plays are intended for entertainment purposes. The play is not real and the actors are playing a role. In reality Hamlet makes it so that it is similar to what really happened to his father. Hamlet even goes as far as to instruct the actors appropriately. He will prove that the ghost is truthful by the reaction on Claudius' face. The play appears to be harmless but it has a close parallel to what really happened to the late King Hamlet. Rosencrantz and Guildernstern, who are the king's spies, pretend to be friends to Hamlet. The king has sent for them to investigate Hamlet's madness and what he suspects about his father's death. This is a contradiction because later Claudius says that Hamlet's troubles are unknown. Hamlet not being the fool also pretends to be friends to Rosencrantz and Guildernstern. He reveals to them that he is aware of their intentions when he says "were you not sent for." Claudius, fearing Hamlet knows too much sends him with Rosencrantz and Guildernstern to England to be executed. Hamlet changes the orders and has Rosencrantz and Guildernstern executed. Hamlet appears to be friends with them but in reality he has them killed. Shakespeare uses the appearances versus reality as a way to create irony in each character. The audience knows what the characters are pretending to be. The audience enjoys the different characters reactions when the truths are revealed. Claudius was not the legitimate king, the play was supposed to resemble real life, and Rosencrantz and Guildernstern were not true friends to Hamlet. Those are just a few of the many examples of this technique in Hamlet.

BIBLIOGRAFIE :

-„HAMLET , PRINCE OF DENMARK " – PHILIP EDWARDS; ED.CAMBRIDGE,2003
-„SHAKESPEARE COMPANION " - HALLIDAY F.E. ; ED.PENGUIN ,1964
-„THE SHAKESPEARE MISCELLANY" -CRYSTAL DAVID &BEN CRYSTAL;NEW YORK , 2005