In the years 1511-25, England managed to successfully pursue a policy of peacemaking due to Wolsey’s excellent diplomatic skills and managed to negotiate peace at London in 1518 between twenty countries and become a leading power in European affairs; this reflected extremely well on England’s image with the rest of Europe and could be viewed as the basis for the argument that the policy was successful. Further argument for the successes in foreign policy outweighing failures could be made by referring to the successful initial invasion campaigns against France between 1512-13 as well as the several peace negotiations England had arranged up until the year 1525, the several invasions it had fended off on the Scottish border as well as Wolsey’s immense skills in funding the policy. In this essay I will be looking at whether these successes outweigh the failures in foreign policy.…
Spain’s perceived “Golden Age” is a broad classification unconfined to a specific era. The Golden Age has long been affiliated with the growth of a uniquely Spanish identity that arose with the flourishing of arts, architecture and literature expanding notably in the years of Phillip II, and flourishing in the 17th century – the same century traditionalist historians identify as the decline of Spain. To consider the golden age of Spain on a purely art and literature basis however misses the point, the Golden Age in all contexts appeared from the development of the Spanish Empire. On the European stage Spain appeared at the height of its “Golden Age” during the reign of Phillip II, Spain was the centre piece of the world’s greatest power controlled by the Hapsburg dynasty. Outwardly Spain was a religiously unified nation of great power, wealth and honour. Yet the “Golden Age” was of little substance on a domestic scale, built on a perceived vision of what Spain was like, whilst its periodic decline was built upon greater understanding of what Spain was. There was little to show of a “Golden Age” outside the confinements of the inner aristocracy in the 16th century, it’s so called decline thereafter were the true colours of Spain shining though. Failure at a domestic level inevitably brought down the golden era of foreign policy. The Catholics Kings role in this dramatic rise and fall in the Golden Age was limited, yet essential. As the founders of Spain, they set the tone of foreign and domestic policy, religion and most importantly (although indirectly), the succession.…
The emperors, Henry VII and Ludwig IV, had both dreamed of bringing about a renewal of imperial authority and the empire, in the mould of the Carolingians, or perhaps even, Rome itself, and it seemed at the beginning of the fourteenth-century that this might be plausible. Yet, this had not been the only envisioned ‘empire’ at the start of the fourteenth-century; there was the imagined papal monarchy, reigning supreme over all of Italy, or perhaps even all Christendom, the Plantagenet Empire dreamed of by King Edward I of England, or the Capetian Empire of King Philip IV of France, or even King Alfonso XI of Castile’s united Iberian Peninsula. These “fantasy kingdoms”, to borrow a phrase from John Watts, would prove to be unachievable, but as…
4. Looking Back: To what extent did the Atlantic Revolutions reflect the influence of early modern historical developments (1450-1750)?…
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Alexander Nehamas, Representations, No. 74, Philosophies in Time (Spring, 2001) (http://www.jstor.org/pss/3176048)…
Age 15, Mia Hamm moved to northern Virginia, where she would attend the Lake Braddock Secondary school; living with her uncle. She kept on playing soccer and one day, an impressive phone call got the young girl cheering throughout the house. She was called for the senior United States women's soccer team, becoming the youngest player in history to play on it.…
As a conquistador under the command of Hernán Cortes, Bernal Diaz witnessed some of Latin America’s most interesting and least chronicled history. He was fortunate enough to be one of a select few Europeans to experience the Aztec empire at its height and to visit Tenochtitlan prior to its downfall. In an era where personal accounts of the historical occurrences are almost nonexistent, Bernal Diaz’s The True History of the Conquest of New Spain provides virtually the only window into this period. As a result, his text has become the most significant historical document concerning the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Perhaps the most poignant excerpt from The True History of the Conquest of New Spain is Diaz’s detailed description of his first impressions of the Aztec capital and emperor Montezuma.…
Mathew Restall’s Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest is a well-written book that serves an important purpose. That purpose being: the debunking of generally accepted falsehoods about the Spanish Conquest beginning in the 15th century. Restall’s book is separated into seven chapters that specifically address general myths most historians and students perceive as basic --- universal truths. Restall uses the term “myth” to describe the inaccurate/fictitious depiction of history “commonly taken to be true, partially or absolutely.” These “myths” are the progenitors of unintentionally self-centered perceptions of events historically recorded in subjectivity. The Self-absorption, relating to the…
mound of glorious reasons to claim Latin America for Spain. That because of the Spaniards’…
“Compare and contrast the political, social, and economic aspects of Britain and Spain’s colonial enterprise”…
In the first half of the book it explores the main argument of colonization of Jamestown within the broader view of English exploration. It begins in the Elizabethan Era, exploring the mixture of religion, economic growth, and political standpoints that led to English people to imagine the opportunity to split monopolies of Spain and other uprising countries. For example, “In the 1550’s English merchants organized companies to initiate trade with Morocco and with Guinea on the west coast of Africa, hoping to penetrate the Portuguese monopoly there. Another company was founded to pioneer a route to Muscovy as a means of gaining access to the East and its commodities” pg. (23). It also led to efforts in the Northern American territories such as the ill-fate “Roanoke Colony”. Little by little, English developed a stockpile of overseas experience that helped them understand the world better and what was needed to sustain long-term efforts in colonization.…
Spain is the most powerful monarchy in Europe and the Americas, wished to enrich themselves with the New World’s natural resources. They were not interested in creating a permanent society in the New World. Rather, they came for instant wealth, preferably in gold.…
Cortes, Hernan. "Hernan Cortes: from Second Letter to Charles V. 1520." 01 June 1998. Forham University. 15 January 2014…
The pursuit of glory and honour outweighed the security of England in deciding Henrician foreign policy. Although Henry’s foreign policy in this period was greatly influenced by his desire for security, both personal and national, there is much historiographical debate as to whether it was the primary motive of his actions abroad. In this essay glory and honour will be dealt with together, although glory tends to be associated with wartime victory, whereas honour is related to the upholding of status and in particular the dignity of Henry VIII - together both of these contribute to the overall prestigious nature of a monarch and are associated heavily with one another in a late Medieval context. Whilst security was consistent with the desires…
○ Possibilities for wealth ○ Rivaling Spain, Holland, France ○ Nationalism, anti-Catholicism, & anti-Spanish zeal…