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Indus Valley Civilization
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Extent of the Indus Valley Civilization imposed over modern borders Bronze AgeThis box: * view * talk * edit | ↑ Chalcolithic | Near East (3300-1200 BCE)Caucasus, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Elam, JiroftBronze Age collapseEurope (3200-600 BCE)Aegean (Minoan)CaucasusBasarabi cultureCoțofeni culturePecica cultureOttoman cultureWietenberg cultureCatacomb cultureSrubna cultureBeaker cultureUnetice cultureTumulus cultureUrnfield cultureHallstatt cultureAtlantic Bronze AgeBronze Age BritainNordic Bronze AgeRomanian Bronze AgeSoutheastern European Bronze AgeItalian Bronze AgeIndian Subcontinent (3300-1200 BCE)China (3000-700 BCE)Korea (800-300 BCE) | arsenical bronze writing, literature sword, chariot | ↓ Iron Age |
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) located in the western region[1] of South Asia,[2] and spread over what are now Pakistan, northwest India, and eastern Afghanistan.[3] Flourishing in the River basin, the civilization[n 1] extended east into the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley[7] and the upper reaches Ganges-Yamuna Doab;[8][9] it extended west to the Makran coast of Baluchistan and north to northeastern Afghanistan. The civilization was spread over some 1,260,000 km², making it the largest ancient civilization.
The Indus Valley is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, along with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have had a population of well over five million. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft (carneol products, seal carving) and produced copper, bronze, lead, and tin. The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage