Hardness of water
CHEMISTRY PROJECT 2013/2014
NAME:
OSANYINTUYI MOTUNRAYO ESTHER
DEPARTMENT:
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
PROJECT TITLE
DETERMIATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS IN ILARA COMMUNITY DRINKING WATER
TABLE OF CONTENT.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MOTIVATION
LITERATURE REVIEW
PROBLEM STATEMENT
EXPERIMENT
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ABSTRACT
This project was done to determine the total hardness of ilara mokin water to show the usefulness of hard water in industries, environmental and social links.
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS HARDNESS OF WATER:
It is when water passes through or over deposit such as limestone; the level of Ca²⁻and Mg²⁺and HCO₃ ions present in the water can greatly increase and cause the water to be classified as hard water. This term results from the fact that cation and magnesium ions in water combine with soap molecules, making it hard to get suds.
High level of water ion such as Ca²⁻ and Mg²⁺ can cause scaly deposits in plumbing appliances & boilers. These two ions also combine chemically with soap molecules resulting in decreased cleansing. The American water works Association indicates that the ideal quality water should not contain more than 80mg/l of total hardness as CaCO₃. High levels of total hardness are not considered a health concern.
There are two types of Hardness:
Temporary hardness: this is due to the presence of bicorbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling.
Permanent hardness: this is due to the presence of chlorides & sulphate of calcium & magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling.
MOTIVATION
I was bothered that the water in Ilara community doesn’t combine easily with soap leading to excessive consumption of WATER.
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Scales are formed as inner coating of the pipelines prevents corrosion
Absolute soft waters are
NAME:
OSANYINTUYI MOTUNRAYO ESTHER
DEPARTMENT:
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
PROJECT TITLE
DETERMIATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS IN ILARA COMMUNITY DRINKING WATER
TABLE OF CONTENT.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MOTIVATION
LITERATURE REVIEW
PROBLEM STATEMENT
EXPERIMENT
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ABSTRACT
This project was done to determine the total hardness of ilara mokin water to show the usefulness of hard water in industries, environmental and social links.
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT IS HARDNESS OF WATER:
It is when water passes through or over deposit such as limestone; the level of Ca²⁻and Mg²⁺and HCO₃ ions present in the water can greatly increase and cause the water to be classified as hard water. This term results from the fact that cation and magnesium ions in water combine with soap molecules, making it hard to get suds.
High level of water ion such as Ca²⁻ and Mg²⁺ can cause scaly deposits in plumbing appliances & boilers. These two ions also combine chemically with soap molecules resulting in decreased cleansing. The American water works Association indicates that the ideal quality water should not contain more than 80mg/l of total hardness as CaCO₃. High levels of total hardness are not considered a health concern.
There are two types of Hardness:
Temporary hardness: this is due to the presence of bicorbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling.
Permanent hardness: this is due to the presence of chlorides & sulphate of calcium & magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling.
MOTIVATION
I was bothered that the water in Ilara community doesn’t combine easily with soap leading to excessive consumption of WATER.
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Scales are formed as inner coating of the pipelines prevents corrosion
Absolute soft waters are