Harmonic Load Flow Analysis

Contents 1. INTRODUCTION – HARMONIC LAOD FLOW ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 3 2. POWER SYSTEM HARMONICS 4 2.1 Concept of Power System Harmonics 4 2.1.1Fourier Series and Harmonics 4 2.1.2 Distortion Indices 6 2.1.3 Characteristics of Harmonics in Power Systems 7 2.2 HARMONIC SOURCES 8 2.3 EFFECT OF HARMONICS 9 2.3.1 Thermal losses in harmonic environment 10 2.3.2 Effects on power system equipment 10 2.3.3 Capacitor banks 10 2.3.4 Transformers 11 2.3.5 Rotating machines 11 3. HARMONIC LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS 12 3.1 LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS 12 3.1.1 Load flow problem formulation 12 3.1.2 Backward forward sweep method 14 3.2 THREE PHASE HARMONIC ANALYSIS 17 3.2.1 Components model 18 3.2.2 Algorithm 18 4. INTERNAL FUNCTIONING OF HARMONIC LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 21 1. Display and control using Visual C++6.0 21 2. Running Analysis using C++ language 21 4.1 CHOICE OF SOFTWARE - VISUAL C++ 6.0 & C++ LANGUAGE 21 1. Visual C++ 6.0 21 2. C++ language 22 4.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF HARMONIC ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 23 4.2.1 The GUI: 23 List of classes and their member variable and functions 23 The view and usage of GUI visible to user – 27 An example of working of GUI and adding elements 30 4.2.2 The main background code and its flow of control 32 Classes used 32 4.3 Program Flow 33 4.4 Software testing of a sample system: 35 5. Conclusion 39 5. Further work/improvement 40 6. Bibliography 41 Appendix 43 List of Equations 43

1. INTRODUCTION – HARMONIC LAOD FLOW ANALYSIS SOFTWARE

Power Systems of today are very large, complex interconnected network of various components. Major components of a power system can be subdivided into: a. Generation b. Transmission and Sub transmission c. Distribution
Conventional ac electric power systems are designed to operate with sinusoidal voltages and currents. However, nonlinear and electronically switched loads distort steady state ac voltage and current waveforms. It is important to calculate these distortions

Bibliography: 1. F. D. Martzloff and T. M. Gruz~“, Power Quality Site Survey: Facts, Fiction and Fallacies,” IEEE Trans. on IA Vol 24, 1988, pp. 1005-1018. 2 4. J. Arrilliaga, D. A. Bradley, P. S. Bodger, “Power System Harmonics,” John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1985. 6. “Modeling and Simulation of the Propagation of Harmonics in Electric Power Network Part I: Concepts, Models and Simulation Techniques,” Task Force on Harmonics Modeling and Simulation, IEEE Trans. on PWRD, Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1996, pp. 452- 465. 7. “Modeling and Simulation of the Propagation of Harmonics in Electric Power Network Part 11: Sample Systems and Examples,” Task Force on Harmonics Modeling and Simulation, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 466-474, Jan. 1996. 8. D. Xia and G. T. Heydt, “Harmonic Power Study PartI - Formulation and Solution,” IEEE Trans. on PAS,Vol. PAS 101, No. 6, June 1982, pp. 1257-1265. 9. D. Xia and G. T. Heydt, ‘‘Harmonic Power Study Part II - Implementation and Practical Application,” IEEE Trans. on PAS, Vol. PAS 101, No. 6, June 1982, pp. 1266-1270. 11. G. T. Heydt and A. W. Galli, “Transient Power Quality Problem Analyzed Using Wavelet,” IEEE Trans. on PWRD, Vol. 12, No. 2, Apr. 1997, pp. 908-915.